Aim: How to separate
mixtures
DO NOW: EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A COMPOUND AND A
MIXTURE. GIVE ONE EXAMPLE OF A COMPOUND AND ONE EXAMPLE OF
A MIXTURE
HOMEWORK: ON A SEPARATE SHEET, PICK ONE SEPARATION METHOD,
EXPLAIN THE PROCESS, AND INCLUDE DRAWING.
Matter
Pure
Substance
Mixtures
Heterogeneous
Elements Compounds Homogeneous
What is the difference between a
Homogeneous and a Heterogeneous
Mixture?
Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture
A mixture with a uniform composition A mixture with a non-uniform
throughout. composition.
Appearance,looks the same Components can be visibly distinguished.
throughout;no visible boundaries
Saltwater, air, vinegar, Sand and water, oil and water, salad
Difficult to separate by physical Can be easily separated by physical
means methods.
Size, very small particles; not visible Larger particles; visible to the naked eye.
to the naked eye.
Vocab
Miscible – Capable of being mixed
Immiscible – Cannot be mixed
Soluble – able to be dissolved
Insoluble – unable to be dissolved
Methods to separating Mixtures
Mixtures are separated by physical means
using differences in physical properties
Examples of physical properties: density,
melting and boiling point, solubility
On
the following slides, we will investigate
methods to separating mixtures
Separating by Sight
Separating mixtures by sight involves physically sorting
components based on visible differences.
Steps in the Process:
1. Identify Differences:
Look for size, shape, color, or texture differences between
components.
(Example: Picking out stones from rice.)
2. Manual Sorting:
Use hands or simple tools (like tweezers) to separate components.
(Example: Separating mixed candies by color.)
Separating by Sight
3. Efficiency:
Works best for mixtures with clearly
distinguishable components and small
quantities.
Examples:
• Household: Removing pebbles from lentils.
• Classroom: Sorting colored beads.
• Nature: Picking leaves out of sand.
Separating by Sight
Advantages:
• No tools or equipment needed.
• Environmentally friendly.
Limitations:
• Time-consuming for large quantities.
• Ineffective for fine or homogeneous mixtures.
What is a Solution?
A Solution is another word for homogeneous mixture
Parts of a solution
solvent
solute
Solvent dissolves the solute; solute is what is being dissolved.
What is an Aqueous Solution?
Anaqueous solution is a solution in which
water is the solvent ( a substance is dissolved
in water)
Created by dissolving substance in water
(aq)next to a substance means dissolved in
water. Ex: NaCl (aq) means NaCl (table salt) is
dissolved in water forming salt water
filtration
Filtration is a separation
method used to separate out
pure substances in mixtures
Made up of particles some of
which are too large enough
in size to pass through the
filter
Common Use of Filters
Air conditioners
have filters that
allow the air to pass
through while
trapping solids such
as lint and dust
Distillation
distillationis a procedure
by which a solid and a
liquid, or two liquids with
different boiling points
can be separated.
Water Boils at 100 oC
Usesthe process of
Ethanol boils at 74.4 C o
evaporation and
condensation.
Evaporation
Purpose: To separate a dissolved solid from
a liquid.
Example: Salt from saltwater.
Process:
1. Heat the solution.
2. Liquid evaporates, leaving solid behind.
Evaporation
Magnetic Separation
Purpose: To separate magnetic
materials from non-magnetic ones.
Example: Iron filings from sand.
Process:
1. Use a magnet to attract magnetic
materials.
2. Non-magnetic substances remain.
Chromatography
The components in the
mixture have different
attractions with the
chromatography paper;
therefore, the different
components travel up
the paper at different
rates.
Common uses of Chromatography
Well, in real life, gas chromatography
is often used to investigate criminal
cases like the ones featured on those
shows.
This can take the form of crime scene
testing (the analysis of blood or cloth
samples), arson verification
(identifying the chemicals responsible
for a fire to see whether there was foul
play) or blood testing after death to
determine levels of alcohol, drugs or
poisonous substances in the body
Sedimentation and
Decantation
• Purpose: To separate insoluble solids
from liquids based
on density.
• Example: Muddy water.
• Process:
1. Allow solid to settle at the bottom
(sedimentation).
2. Pour off clear liquid (decantation).
Centrifugation
• Purpose: To separate substances of
different densities.
• Example: Cream from milk.
• Process:
1. Spin the mixture at high speed.
2. Denser substances move to
the bottom; lighter ones
stay on top.
Separating Funnel
• Purpose: To separate two
immiscible liquids.
• Example: Oil and water.
• Process:
1. Pour mixture into funnel.
2. Allow liquids to settle; release
lower layer by opening the tap.
Practical Applications
• Daily Life:
- Purifying water, separating cream from milk,
removing pebbles from grains.
• Industrial Use:
- Refining petroleum, mining minerals, producing
medicines.
Summary: Name the techniques which are
suitable for separating the following mixture:
Situation Separation Technique
a. To obtain drinking water from muddy
water
b. To separate gasoline from crude oil
c. To remove leaves from a swimming pool
d. To obtain pure sugar from a solution
e. To determine whether the coloring in a
fruit juice is a single substance or a
mixture of colored substance
