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Query Languages-WPS Office

The document discusses various types of query languages used in information retrieval (IR) systems, including keyword-based, context, single-word, and phrase queries. It explains the process of query formulation, which modifies user-submitted queries to better reflect their intent, and outlines the different types of queries such as data retrieval, modification, deletion, and aggregation. Additionally, it highlights the importance of context in searching and the use of common words and separators in defining queries.

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3 views8 pages

Query Languages-WPS Office

The document discusses various types of query languages used in information retrieval (IR) systems, including keyword-based, context, single-word, and phrase queries. It explains the process of query formulation, which modifies user-submitted queries to better reflect their intent, and outlines the different types of queries such as data retrieval, modification, deletion, and aggregation. Additionally, it highlights the importance of context in searching and the use of common words and separators in defining queries.

Uploaded by

chak.m.beyena
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Query Languages

• IR query language used to make queries into search


index.
• A query language is formally defined in a context-
free grammar (CFG) and search engines, so they get
more control over the formulation of queries.
• Query formulation : the process of query formulation
• It also referred to as query rewriting or
query transformation
• It modifies the original keyword query submitted by
the user to the search engine in order to better
represent the underlying intent of the query.
Types of Query formulation

Data retrieval queries that fetch specific information from a data


source. Data modification queries that change existing data. Data
deletion queries that remove records.

Data aggregation queries that calculate summaries or statistics.

During the process of indexing, many keywords are associated with


document set which contains words, phrases, date created, author
names, and type of document. They are used by an IR system to build
an inverted index which is then consulted during the search
Keyword-Based Querying
• A query is the formulation of a user information need.
• In its simplest form, a query is composed of keywords
and the documents containing such keywords are
searched for.
• Queries are combinations of words.
Query language are include the following
• Key word base query
• Pattern matching
• Structural query
• Query protocols
• The document collection is searched for documents that contain
these words.
• The concept of word must be defined.
• A word is a sequence of letters terminated by a separator (period,
comma, space, etc).
• Definition of letter and separator is flexible; e.g., hyphen could be
defined as a letter or as a separator.
• Usually, common words (such as “a”, “the”, “of”, …) are ignored.
Context Queries
• Many systems complement single-word queries with the
ability to search words in a given context, that is, near
other words.
• Search words in a given context
• Context Queries can be
• Phrase: a sequence of single-word queries
• Proximity : a sequence of single words or phrases,
and a maximum allowed distance between them are
specified
•

5
Single-Word Queries
• The most elementary query that can be formulated
in a text retrieval system is the word
• All documents that include this word are retrieved.
• Documents may be ranked by the frequency of this
word in the document.
• A query is a single word.
• Usually used for searching in document images
• Simplest form of query.
• A query is formulated by a word
• A document is formulated by long sequences of words
Phrase Queries
• A query is a sequence of words treated as a single unit.
• Also called “literal string” or “exact phrase” query.
• Phrase is usually surrounded by quotation marks.
• All documents that include this phrase are retrieved.
• Usually, separators (commas, colons, etc.) and common words
(e.g., “a”, “the”, “of”, “for”…) in the phrase are ignored.
• In effect, this query is for a set of words that must appear in
sequence.
• Allows users to specify a context and thus gain precision.
• “e.g, enhance retrieval

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