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Unit 3 Operating System

An Operating System (OS) serves as an interface between users and computer hardware, managing tasks such as file, memory, and process management. There are eight types of operating systems, including batch, interactive, time-sharing, multitasking, multiprocessing, distributed, network, real-time, and embedded systems. Key functions of an OS include process management, memory management, file management, device management, and security and protection.

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2 views

Unit 3 Operating System

An Operating System (OS) serves as an interface between users and computer hardware, managing tasks such as file, memory, and process management. There are eight types of operating systems, including batch, interactive, time-sharing, multitasking, multiprocessing, distributed, network, real-time, and embedded systems. Key functions of an OS include process management, memory management, file management, device management, and security and protection.

Uploaded by

hicolecollege
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit 3

Operating System
3.1 Operating System
 An Operating System (OS) is an interface between a
computer user and computer hardware. An operating system
is a system software which performs all the basic tasks like
file management, memory management, process
management, handling input and output, and controlling
peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers. We
simply issue commands to operating system to access
computer hardware and perform required operation where all
the details of accessing hardware is handled by operating
system. E.g. MS Windows, Linux, Sun Solaries etc.
Figure: Operating System
3.2 Types of Operating System
There are eight types of operating system. They are:
1. Batch and Interactive Operating System
2. Time Sharing Operating System
3. Multitasking Operating System
4. Multiprocessing Operating System
5. Distributed Operating System
6. Network Operating System
7. Real Time Operating System
8. Embedded Operating System
1. Batch and Interactive Operating System
Batch operating system are the operating system that do not
interact with the user during execution of task. User prepare
their jobs on an offline device like punch card or tape and
submit to the computer operator. Operator then groups jobs of
similar nature into batches and execute as a group for speed
processing. E.g. Payroll System, Bank Invoice System,
Transactions Process etc.
Interactive operating system allows interaction with users where
user needs to provide inputs or commands during processing.
Fig. Punch Card
Fig. Batch Operating System
2. Time Sharing Operating System
Time sharing is a technique which enables many people located
at various terminals to use a particular computer system at a
same time. In these OS, processor time is shared among
multiple users simultaneously is termed as time –sharing. The
main objective of time sharing system is to minimize response
time. These systems are also known as Multitasking Systems.
3. Multitasking Operating System
These are the operating system that are able to execute more
than one task simultaneously on a single processor machine. In
reality no two tasks on a single processor machine can be
executed at the same time but CPU switches between tasks so
quickly that it gives illusion of executing tasks at the same
time.
4. Multiprocessing Operating System
Multiprocessing refers to number of programs that are being
executed in different processor or CPU at the same time then it
is called as multiprocessor operating system. In these system
tasks is divided between more than one processor with the
motive of increasing computation speed.
5. Distributed Operating System
Distributed operating system is a model where applications can
run on multiple computer linked by communication. Data
processing jobs are distributed among the processors such that
processor can perform each job most efficiently. These
processors are referred to as sites, nodes, computers and so on.
6. Network Operating System
A network operating system is an operating system designed for
the sole purpose of supporting workstations, database sharing,
application sharing and file and printer sharing among multiple
computers in a network. It runs on a server and provides server
the capability to manage data, user groups, security, application
and other network functions. E.g. MS Windows Server 2003,
MS Windows Server 2008, Linux etc.
7. Real Time Operating System
A real-time operating system (RTOS) is a special-purpose
operating system used in computers that has strict time
constraints for any job to be performed. E.g. industrial control
system, robots, home – appliance controller, air traffic control
system etc. There are two types of real time operating system.
They are: Hard real time system and Soft real time system.
1. Hard real time system: These system guarantee that critical
tasks completed on time. E.g. industrial control system, traffic
control system.
2. Soft real time system: These system are less restrictive and
can compromise small changes on deadline. E.g. virtual reality,
multimedia system.
8. Embedded Operating System
Computer system that are built within other devices are called
embedded systems. Operating system used to control
embedded systems are called embedded OS. These system
work in resource constrained environment. E.g. automobiles,
refrigerator, air conditioners.
3.3 Functions of Operating System
Functions of operating systems are as follows:
1. Process Management
2. Memory Management
3. File Management
4. Device Management
5. Security and Protection

1. Process Management: A process is a program in execution. A


set of instructions stored in secondary storage device is called
program. Process management activity includes: process
scheduling, keeps status of processes, interprocess
communication.
2. Memory Management: Memory management refers to
management of primary memory or main memory. For a
program to be executed it must be in main memory which
provides fast access for the CPU. Memory management
includes: managing free space, allocating and deallocating
memory for processes, managing virtual memory.
3. File Management: Manage files of computer system is
termed as file management. It includes: naming files, defining
file structure, defining file access methods, defining file
attributes and operations, storing and handling files.
4. Device Management: Managing input output devices is
called as device management. It includes: handling input/
output, providing device independence, handling errors.
5. Security and Protection
Operating system provides proper authentication and
authorization to computer system and resources. Authentication
is the process of verifying identity of user before allowing to
use computer system and resources. Authorization is the process
of providing access rights or privileges for objects to users.

3.4 Open Source Operating System


Open source refers to a program or software in which the source
code is available to the general public for use modification from
its original design free of charge. Open source code is typically
created as a collaborative effort in which programmers improve
upon the code and share the changes within the community.
Software that are available free
of cost is called free software. E.g. Linux, Ubuntu, Unix etc.

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