BASIC ELDO TRAINING

DATE: 23 January @2008

Tuesday, January 21, 2025 STMicroelectronics Confidential 1

 AGENDA

1. INTRODUCTION TO ELDO
2. HOW TO RUN ELDO
3. ELDO COMMAND LINE
4. LANGUAGE SYNTAX
5. ELDO SYNTAX
6. REVIEW and LABS
7. BASIC ANALYSIS
8.WAVEFORM VIEWING
9. ELDO COMMANDS
10. MISCELLENIOUS COMMANDS
11. REVIEW and LABS
12. CONCLUSION

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 INTRODUCTION

Is something missing in this Flow-chart?

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 II) HOW TO RUN ELDO…..KEY ELDO FILES

<file>.cir
The main Eldo control file, containing circuit NETLIST,stimuli ,models (or
corners ) and simulation control commands.
<file>.chi
ASCII output log file containing data, including results and
error messages.
<file>.cou / <file>.wdb
Binary file containing Eldo analog simulation results data

Viewed with the EZwave waveform viewer. The resulting output

file is smaller than cou file

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 EXAMPLE CIRCUIT

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 Contd………

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 CIRCUIT FILE EXAMPLE
This file is normally know as “cir” file
MOS model definitions
.model m1 nmos level=3 vto=1v uo=550 vmax=2.0e5
.model p1 pmos level=3 vto=-1v uo=230 vmax=1.9e5

Subcircuit definition
.subckt inv 1 2 3
m2 2 1 0 0 m1 w=10u l=4u ad=100p pd=40u as=100p
m1 2 1 3 3 p1 w=15u l=4u ad=100p pd=40u as=100p
c1 2 0 0.5p
.ends inv

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 CIRCUIT FILE EXAMPLE……Contd

Subcircuit calls
x1 1 2 6 inv
x2 2 3 6 inv
x3 3 4 6 inv
cload 4 0 1p

Electrical source definitions

vdd 6 0 5v
vin 1 0 pulse(0 5 10e-9 5e-9 5e-9 30e-9 50e-9)

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 CIRCUIT FILE EXAMPLE……..Contd

Simulation options & commands

.tran 0.5n 100n uic

.ic v(1)=0
.plot tran v(1) v(2) v(3) v(4)
.print tran v(1) v(2) v(3) v(4)
.option eps=0.5e-3
.end

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 II) HOW TO RUN ELDO….SUMMARY

To run an Eldo simulation, a .cir control file must be supplied to

the simulator.
So summarising again this file must include the following

Circuit connectivity, i.e. a NETLIST.

Model parameter values defining the specific device models to be
used.
Electrical stimuli (sources).
Simulation options and commands.

> eldo <cir_name>.cir

Is .cir extension necessary for eldo to run simulation ?

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 III) ELDO COMMAND LINE……..FLAGS

eldo [-b] [-l log_file_name] [-o output_file_name] [-outpath

output_dir_name] [-i] cir_file_name [-float] [-noascii]

- queue If there is no license available for Eldo, the job will be queued.
-b Runs the simulation in the background.
-l Log file name for a background simulation.
-o Output .chi file name.
-i Input .cir file name.
-float Forces Eldo to create .cou files containing FLOAT rather than
DOUBLE values, which results in saving 50% of the disk space
Earlier this switch was – couf.

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 ELDO HELP!!!

A simple online help can be accessed from the command line with:
eldo -help [commands|devices|sources|manual]

commands Simulator commands

devices Device models
sources Sources and Macromodels
manual Full Eldo User s Manual

Entering eldo -help without any option will display the list of available topics.
This flag can be specified without the cir_filename which is usually mandatory.
Each of the first three help options will open a link document in Acrobat Reader,
which will then allow you to select the command, device model, source or
macro model you require information on.

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 IV) LANGUAGE SYNTAX

CASE : ELDO IS CASE INSENSITIVE !!!

FIRST LINE
The first line is format free and reserved for the circuit title. This line is
mandatory and serves as the heading on graphical results output.

CONTINUATION LINES
The length of one line is limited to 256 characters. A line may be
continued by using the + character at the beginning of the new line.

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 IV) …..Contd

COMMENTS

This is comment ! on same line

* Comment on new line

#Com
block
of
comment
#endcom

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 IV) …..Contd

SCALE FACTORS

F 1e-15
P 1e-12
N 1e-09
U 1e-06
M 1e-03
K 1e+03
MEG 1e+06
G 1e+09
T 1e+12
dB for decibels

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 IV) …..Contd

POINTS TO NOTE
10, 10A, 10V and 10Hz all represent the same number, 10.
Letters which are not scale factors are ignored if they immediately
follow a number.

M, MA, MSEC and MMHOS all represent the same scale factor, M.
Letters immediately following a scale factor are ignored.

M is milli not MEGA !!

KK is not MEG, but K, Scale factors are not cumulative.

M.K.S. units are used throughout the NETLIST.

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 IV) …..Contd

ARITHMETIC FUNCTIONS & OPERATORS

SQRT(VAL) LOG(VAL) LOG10(VAL)

DB(VAL) EXP(VAL)
COS(VAL) SIN(VAL) TAN(VAL)
ACOS(VAL) ASIN(VAL) ATAN(VAL)
COSH(VAL) SINH(VAL) TANH(VAL)
SIGN(VAL) ABS(VAL) TRUNC(VAL)
DMIN(VAL1, VAL2)
DMAX(VAL1, VAL2)
DERIV(VAL)

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 IV) …..Contd

EXPRESSIONS
expressions must be contained within curly brackets { }.
Constants and parameters may be used in expressions, together with
the built-in functions and operators

Example

r1 1 2 {3.0*p1-4k}
.model nn nmos vt0={p2-p2/2.0}
e1 1 2 value={15v*sqrt(v(3,2))}
.defwave pow=v(a)*i(b)
.param x1={2*sqrt(a)}

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 V) ELDO SYNTAX

(i) DEFINITIONS

(ii) COMPONENTS

(iii) SOURCES

(iv) SUBCKT

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 DEFINITIONS

NODE NAMES

Node names may be numbers, letters or special characters

For example : Vmanish, Vin, pin&out, n0056

If first character is numeric all characters then must be numeric

For example :1twothree !!! Illegal

123 !!! legal

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 DEFINITIONS

ELEMENT OR COMPONENT

Example : must start with letter reserved

R2 , m6&, qout

COMMAND LINE
starts with a dot
.Ac .Step .Plot
.Alter .Option

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 COMPONENTS

RESISTOR

Rxx N1 N2 VAL
Rxx NP NN VALUE={EXPR}

xx : resistor name
N1, N2 : names of the resistor nodes
VAL value of resistor in OHM at nominal temperature

Example
r1 n3 n4 3.3k
r1 1 2 value={2k*v(3, 4)*i(v5)}

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 COMPONENTS

CAPACITOR

Cxx NP NN VAL [IC=VAL]

Cxx NP NN VALUE={EXPR}
IC=VAL :sets the initial guess for voltage across cap
UIC must be used in .TRAN statement Components

Example
c1 n3 n4 0.5pf
c1 1 2 value={2n*v(3, 4)*i(v5)}

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 COMPONENTS

INDUCTORS

Lxx NP NN VAL [IC=VAL]

Lxx NP NN VALUE={EXPR}

Example
l1 n13 n8 5u
l1 1 2 value={2u*v(3, 4)*i(v5)}

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 COMPONENTS

COUPLED INDUCTORS
Kxx lyy lzz KVAL

Example
l7 4 3 0.7m
l8 5 9 0.4m
k12 l7 l8 0.2

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 COMPONENTS

JUNCTION DIODES
Dxx NP NN MNAME

Example
*DIODE model definition
.model dio d level=3
...
*main circuit
d1 2 10 dio

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 COMPONENTS

BJT
Qxx NC NB NE [NS] MNAME

Example
*BJT model definition
.model qmod npn bf=160 rb=100 cjs=2p
+ cje=3p cjc=2p vaf=100
...
*main circuit
q23 10 24 13 qmod

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 COMPONENTS

JFET- Junction Field Effect Transistor

Jxx ND NG NS MNAME

Example
*JFET model definition
.model je20 njf vto=-3.2 beta=0.98m
+ lambda=2.5m cgs=5p cgd=1.3p is=7p
...
*main circuit
j1 3 2 0 je20

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 COMPONENTS

MOSFET
Mxx ND NG NS NB MNAME][M=VAL] W=VAL L=VAL
M= device multiplier(for devices in parallel)

Example
M1 1 2 3 3 PMOS m=1 W=1u L=0.18u

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 COMPONENTS

SUBCIRCUIT INSTANCE
Xxx NN {NN} NAME

Example
*SUBCKT definition
.subckt inv 1 2
r1 1 3 2k
r2 3 4 4k
r3 4 2 3k
.ends inv
...
*subcircuit instance
x1 1 48 inv

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 SOURCES

INDEPENDENT SOURCES

TIME DEPENDENT SOURCES

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 INDEPENDENT SOURCE

INDEPENDENT VOLTAGE SOURCE V

INDEPENDENT CURRENT SOURCE I
Independent sources can be assigned a time-dependent value for
transient analysis.
Ex:-
Vxx NP NN [DC] DCVAL] [TIME_DEPENDENT_FUNCTION]
vplus n12 n13 24

Ixx NP NN [DC] [TIME_DEPENDENT_FUNCTION]

i23 n2 n3 1.0e-4

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 TIME DEPENDENT SOURCES

EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION EXP

PATTERN FUNCTION PATTERN

PULSE FUNCTION PULSE

PIECE WISE LINEAR FUNCTION PWL

SINE FUNCTION SIN

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 EXPONENTIAL SOURCE

Exp(v1 v2 [td1 [tau1[d2[tau2]]]])

V1=initial value
V2=target value of pulse
Td1=rise delay time
Tau1=rise time constant
Td2=fall delay time
Tau2=fall time constant

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 EXPONENTIAL SOURCE

V1 1 0 exp (-4 -1 2n 5n 50n 5n)

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 PATTERN

Pattern vhi vlo delay trise tfall tbit bits R

VHI= voltage representing logic 1

Vlo=voltage representing logic 0
Delay=delay before pattern series start
Trise=rise time between pattern values
Tfall=fall time between pattern voltage representing logic
Tbit=time spent at 1 or 0
Bits=string of 1 and 0 representing pattern bit
R = periodic

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 PATTERN

Vin 1 0 pattern 5 0 10n 5n 10n 20n 0010110010

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 PULSE

Pulse (v0 v1 [td[tr[tf[pw[per]]]]])

V0: initial value of DC voltage or current

V1: pulse magnitude in volts or amperes
TD: delay time
TR: rise time(default value is TPRINT, mentioned in .tran
command)
TF: fall time (default value is TPRINT, mentioned in .tran
command)
PW : pulse width (default TSTOP )
PER: pulse period (default TSTOP)

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 PULSE

Example :
vp n12 n13 pulse(0 5 5n 1n 1n 10n 35n)

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 PIECE WISE LINEAR

Pwl (t1 v1 t2 v2 t3 v3 tn vn [r])

Tn=time at vi is supplied
Vn=value of source at time ti
R: repetitive

v1 n3 n4 pwl (4n 5 10n 0 20n 0 30n 5)

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 SINE
Sin (v0 va [fr[td[theta]]])
V0 : offset voltage
VA: amplitude of sine
FR : frequency in hz
TD: delay time in sec
THETA: damping factor in 1/sec

Example : Vin 1 0 sin (0 10 1meg 1u 50e4)

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 SINE

vsin n2 n3 sin (0 110 50 0 0)

vsin n4 n9 sin(0 50 50 .05 9)

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 SUBCIRCUIT

.SUBCKT
.subckt name nn {nn}
<Circuit components>
.ends [name]
name: name of the subcircuit
nn: names of nodes of subcircuit

Ex:
.subckt inv n1 n2 n3 n4 param:p1=10u r1=8u
m1 n3 n2 n4 0 pmos w=p1 l=r1
m2 n3 n2 n1 0 nmos w=p1 l=r1
.ends inv
x1 vss n8 n9 vdd inv p1=5u r1=5u

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 VI) BASIC ANALYSIS

DC ANALYSIS
OP ANALYSIS
AC ANALYSIS
TRANSIENT ANALYSIS
PLOT and PRINT

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 DC ANALYSIS

How many Types of DC analysis available?

.DC:
For example : Quiescent state or operating point determination

.DC CNAM [L|W] START STOP INCR

Variation of an element size or value, a parameter or a temperature

CNAM: name of component on which geometrical or value variations are

Performed
Example: r7 3 4 100k
.dc r7 10k 100k 10k

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 DC ANALYSIS

.DC PARAM P_NAME START STOP INCR

PARAM:keyword indicating that a parameter is to be varied

P_NAME:name of globally declared parameter to be varied

START, STOP: start and stop value of component CNAM, voltage,

temp or current

Example: r1 1 2 p1
.param p1=1k
.dc param p1 1k 10k 1k

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 DC ANALYSIS

.DC TEMP START STOP INCR

TEMP:keyword indicating that the temperature is to be varied
Voltage or current sweep of the specified source

.DC SNAM START STOP INCR [SNAM2 START2 STOP2 INCR2]

SNAM:Name of voltage or current source which performs the DC sweep

INCR:increment of component, voltage, temperature or current sweep

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 OP ANALYSIS

.OP

This command forces eldo to determine the operating point of circuit

with inductors short circuited and removed capacitors

The operating point is saved in the .chi file which contains information
such as power dissipation, node voltages and source currents

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 OP ANALYSIS

.OP [T1 {TN}]

T1, TN Simulation times at which operating point information will be

recorded.

.OP TIME=VAL [STEP=VAL] [TEMP=VAL]

TIME=VAL Simulation time for which .OP results are written.

STEP=VAL Step value for which .OP results are written. This is the
case for when the .STEP command is used.
TEMP=VAL The value of temperature for which .OP results are written.

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 OP ANALYSIS

.OP DC=VAL [DC2=VAL] [STEP=VAL] [TEMP=VAL]

DC=VAL DC sweep value for which .OP results are written.

DC2=VAL Second DC value for which .OP results are written in cases
where a double DCSWEEP analysis is performed.

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 AC ANALYSIS

.AC
The .AC command activates the small signal analysis which computes
the magnitude and phase of output variables as a function of frequency.

.AC DEC|OCT ND FSTART FSTOP [UIC]

DEC Keyword to select logarithmic variation.

OCT Keyword to select octave variation.
ND Number of points per decade or octave.
FSTART Start frequency in Hertz.
FSTOP Stop frequency in Hertz.

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 AC ANALYSIS

.AC LIN NP FSTART FSTOP [UIC]

LIN: Keyword to select linear variation.

NP: Number of points over the range from FSTART to FSTOP.
UIC: If UIC is specified, no DC analysis is performed before the AC
analysis.
Instead the circuit may be initialized using .RESTART or .USE.

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 AC ANALYSIS

vin 2 0 ac 0.5
r1 2 3 5k
c3 3 0 0.1p
.ac dec 10 10e+4 10e+8
.plot ac vdb(3)

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 TRANSIENT ANALYSIS

.TRAN
Transient output variables are calculated as a function of time over a
user specified time interval.

The initial conditions are automatically determined by a DC analysis

(unless the UIC parameter is specified) with all sources that are not
time dependent being set to their DC values.

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 TRANSIENT ANALYSIS

.TRAN TPRINT TSTOP [TSTART [HMAX]] [UIC]

TPRINT Printing or plotting increment for the printer output (in

seconds).

TSTOP The transient analysis duration in seconds.

TSTART No outputs are stored from 0 to TSTART seconds.

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 TRANSIENT ANALYSIS

HMAX Sets the maximal internal time-step.

When HMAX is specified both in the .OPTION command and in the
.TRAN command, the HMAX in .OPTION is considered by Eldo.

UIC Keyword which indicates that do not solve for the quiescent
operating point before beginning the transient analysis.
Eldo automatically initializes all the node voltages itself as
Well as any user defined initial node voltages included in a.IC
command. The UIC option is recommended for the simulation
of astable or very large digital circuits.

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 TRANSIENT ANALYSIS

Examples
.tran 1ns 100ns
.plot tran v(2)

Example
.tran 2ns 100ns 50ns uic
.plot tran v(4)

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 VIII) WAVEFORM VIEWING

PLOT

PROBE

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 PLOT

PLOTTING OF SIMULATION RESULTS

.PLOT DC|AC|TRAN OVN [(LOW, HIGH)] {OVN [(LOW, HIGH)]} [UNIT=NAME]
DC Specifies that the plots are required for a DC analysis.
AC Specifies that the plots are required for an AC analysis.
TRAN Specifies that the plots are required for a transient analysis.
OVN Requests plotting of the voltage at a specified nodes or current through
selected circuit components. The maximum number of plots allowed in one
.PLOT command is eight.

LOW, HIGH The optional plot limits LOW and HIGH may be specified for
each of the output variables. All output variables of the same kind
(voltage for instance) to the left of a pair of plot limits (LOW, HIGH) will be
plotted using the same lower and upper bounds. If plot limits are not
specified, Eldo uses default values

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PLOT

Examples

.plot tran v(1) v(2) v(3, 4) i(v1, v2)

.plot ac vdb(4)(-50, 50) idb(v6)(-75, 75)

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PROBE

.PROBE [ [AC|DC|TRAN] [V|I] [PRINT]

.PROBE [ [AC|DC|TRAN] [list_of_plot_specifications] ]

DC Specifies that the prints are required for a DC analysis.

AC Specifies that the prints are required for an AC analysis.
TRAN Specifies that the prints are required for a transient analysis.
V Causes all node voltages to be savedthis is the default option.
I Causes all currents to be saved (node voltages are not saved).

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 PROBE

.PROBE
When the circuit has more than 1000 nodes use LIMPROBE parameter
.option limprobe=100.
r1 n3 n40 1k
c1 n49 n61 5p
.probe

.PROBE TRAN V(x1.*)

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 IX) ELDO COMMANDS

LIBRARY CALLS

COMMANDS RELATIVE TO PARAMETERS

MISCELLANEOUS COMMANDS

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 LIBRARY CALLS

.LIB

.INCLUDE

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 LIBRARY CALLS

.LIB <FILENAME>

insert model definitions into an input NETLIST from a library file .

.LIB mos.lib

Example : File mos.lib

.MODEL NE0 NMOS
+LEVEL=3 UO=592 VTO=0.8 CJ=5.23e-4
+CJSW=1.83e-10 CGSO=270.6e-12
.MODEL NE NMOS

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 LIBRARY CALLS

.LIB <file_name> [LIBTYPE]

LIBTYPE: specifies the library variant to be used for ex: slow/ss/ssa,

fast/ff/ffa, typ/TYP

within library/Corner file we have sections defined as

.lib <libtype>
----
-----
.endl

Example:mosfet_hv_lib.doc

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 LIBRARY CALLS

Ex:
Library mos.lib
.lib best
.model MN NMOS level=3 vt0=.5
.endl best

.lib typ
.model MN NMOS level=3 vt0=.75
.endl typ

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 LIBRARY CALLS

Ex(contd..)
CIRCUIT NETLIST
.lib mos.lib typ
m1 vdd g 0 0 MN L=2U W=5U
vdd vdd 0 5
vg g 0 0.8

We will see example of this in Lab4

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 LIBRARY CALLS

.INCLUDE <file_name>

It is used to insert the contents of the file in cir file.

For example, all the .lib files can be put in single file say corners & then this
File can be included in circuit file(.cir) as

.include corners

REMEMBER, everything in a cir file is flat.

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 PARAMETERS

.PARAM PAR=VAL|PAR={EXPR}
.PARAM PAR=NAME
used to assign values to parameter variables used in model and device
instantiation statements.

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 PARAMETERS

Ex
r1 1 2 rval
c1 1 2 cval
l1 1 2 lval
.param rval=2k cval=3p lval=2u

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 PARAMETERS

Ex
.model mod1 nmos level=3 vto=vtodef
*main circuit
m1 1 2 3 4 mod1 w=wdef l=ldef
.param vtodef=1 wdef=20u ldef=3u

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 PARAMETERS

Ex
r1 1 2 p2
.param p1=1k p3={2*p1}
.param p2={sqrt(p1)+3*p3}

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 X) MISCELLANEOUS COMMANDS

.ALTER
[ELEMENT]
[subckt]
[command]
[Comment]
.END
used to run eldo with modified NETLIST

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 MISCELLANEOUS COMMANDS

.CONNECT N1 N2

N1, N2 Names of the nodes to be connected.

Example
.connect n7 n5

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 MISCELLANEOUS COMMANDS

.CONSO VN {VN}
The .CONSO command computes and displays the average current
flowing through the specified voltage source(s) during the simulation
period.
Ex
vdd 100 101 5v
...
.conso vdd
.tran 1ns 100ns

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 MISCELLANEOUS COMMANDS

.DEFWAVE W_NAME=WAVE_EXPR

The .DEFWAVE command is used to define a new waveform by

relating previously defined waveforms and nodes. The
waveform definition may contain a combination of arithmetic
expressions or pre-defined functions available in Eldo. The
waveform may be instantiated using the .EXTRACT command
with the results being listed to the ASCII output (.chi) file or
may be printed or plotted using the .PLOT and .PRINT
commands.

.defwave power=i(v1)*v(v1)

.plot w(power)----------> to plot the above “created” wave

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 MISCELLANEOUS COMMANDS

.GLOBAL NN {NN}

Declare global node(s), making them known throughout a circuit without

having to declare them in each subcircuit.
Ex:
.global vdd vss

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 MISCELLANEOUS COMMANDS

.option option[ = val]

The .Option command allows user to modify eldo execution behaviour by
allowing the setting of parameter values other than the default values.
Some commonly used .option commands are
a) .option limprobe=1000(this is default value)
b) .option cou/nocou
c) .option TUNING = ACCURATE (This is very important from accuracy &
convergence point of view,we will talk about this in ADV. Eldo training)
d) .option extmska
e) .option notrc: Suppresses the rewriting of the circuit description file in the
ASCII output (.chi) file, when inserted immediately after the title line of a
circuit description file.
f) .option notrclib

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 Appendix: How to Invoke Eldo-ST

. Eldo-ST is invoked as follows:

eldo -stver ... cir_file_name
or by adding before the .MODEL cards the following:
.OPTION STVER

STMicroelectronics Version of Eldo

Specially tuned device models have been developed for use when
simulating STMicroelectronics designs.

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 Review 2 and Labs

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 LAB: How to use VNC

1) Open MS-DOS command prompt from your PC

2) Telnet dlhs0005
3) Use your UNIX login ID & Password
4) Type the following command
“ vncserver –depth 24 –geometry 1024 X 710 –Always
Shared –idletimeout 0 “
5) Write session no. for. E.g. dlhs0005:23.0 in server
name

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 CONCLUSION

Question and Answer session.

Check on the Expectations.

How effective the training was for you and how you are
going to benefit after this training.

Tuesday, January 21, 2025 STMicroelectronics Confidential 83