CE 212 2024
Dr. Festo Nguru
1
Presentation layout
Meaning of ICT
The role of ICT
Meaning of Computers
Role of Computers in Education
Applications of computers in T/L
Presentation software
Instructional Software
LMS
OERs
Advantages of Computers
Disadvantages of Computers
2
ICT IN EDUCATION
ICT refers to forms of technology that are used for
acquisition, processing, storage, sharing or exchange
and dissemination of information.
ICT includes technologies such as: radio, television,
video, telephone (both fixed line and mobile), iPad,
tablet, computer and network, hardware and software.
It also included the equipment and services
associated with these technologies, such as electronic
mail, text messaging and radio broadcasts.
The Roles of ICT
ICT is considered to be an integral part in the quality teaching and
learning process.
ICT use widens opportunities to teachers and students to access
teaching and learning resources.
ICT can assist in addressing the key educational challenges related to
access, quality and equity, through e-learning technologies, delivery
systems and interactive digital content.
Encourages flexibility and openness of mind, with awareness of the
needs of society.
To help pupils with special needs.
Meaning of a Computer
Computer is a machine that manipulates and
processes data and information in response to a list
of instructions. OR
A computer is an electronic device which takes
inputs from the user in form of data and instructions,
and processes the data to give out information that is
displayed to the user. OR
A computer is an electronic device that stores,
retrieves, and processes data, and can be
Role of Computers in Education
A computer is an object of instruction. e.g. Students may
study computer programming, computer hardware, computer
software (programs and applications).
A computer can integrate and control variety of media
such as still and motion pictures, graphics, sounds, as well as
printed information
Variety of instructional methods can be integrated with
computers. For instance, drill and practice, tutorials,
simulations, virtual laboratories, and flipped classrooms.
Professional Development: Is used to update teachers’
subject knowledge and enhance teaching skills. This includes
search on internet, networking with experts, colleagues and
APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTERS IN TEACHING AND
LEARNING
Presentations: either directly using a computer screen or
data projector. Presentation software E.g. Microsoft
PowerPoint, prezi.
Surfing materials through internet browsers– Internet.
Production of instructional materials: e.g. lesson plans,
worksheets, hand-outs, manuals, banners, visuals, diagrams,
for viewing on computer, for projecting, for use in print
form.
Collection, organisation and analysis of numerical
data. E.g. students progress using spreadsheets such as
excel or SPSS.
Applications of Computers in T/L
Accessing and reading news, scholarly articles, books and
current events –Internet.
Taking pictures and recording events for teaching and
learning purposes. Digital video camera.
Download maps -Eg. Google maps
Using online dictionaries through web browsers.
Do drill and practice exercises (interactive quizzes) to
master concepts- Through web browsers
Student’s performance assessment: Computer is used to
build question banks, test papers, students are given tests on
the computer, offline/online.
Applications of Computers in T/L
Sharing information resources with teachers and students –
LMS, whatsApp, email, EDMODO etc.
Storing files - e.g google drive.
Distribute or post homework assignments, home solutions,
exam solutions, and other supplemental information
electronically. Email, whatsApp and EDMODO etc
Distance learning: Google classroom, Skype, video
conferencing, zoom cloud, audio conferencing, e-mail etc.
Record and view lectures – YouTube, camtasia
Provided online collaboration platforms through LMS , google
workspace, whatsApp, teleconferencing, google meet etc.
Applications of Computers in T/L
Can be used for research and reference.
Electronic versions of encyclopaedia, atlases, and
dictionaries, usually stored in CD-ROM, Encarta.
Allow learners to share ideas and information, to
cooperate, to collaborate on joint work.
Record Keeping: Students’ attendance,
assignment, grade records are generated and
maintained on computers.
Problem Solving: Solve basic problems related to
calculation, experiment and exploration.
Applications of Computers in T/L
Can deliver instruction similar to a teacher’s classroom instruction-
Tutorials
Students can perform experiments using images – virtual
laboratories.
computer also provides opportunities to take virtual field trips to
museums, zoos, or science centers without ever leaving the
classroom.
Computer can combine a variety of media (e.g. text, audio,
graphics, animation, video, and interactivity) in an integrated way
for the purpose of instruction – Multimedia.
Imitation or a representation of an actual physical or social situation
reduced to manageable proportions to serve a specific purpose.-
Simulation.
Presentation Software
These are programs that allow users to create and
display a series of screens called slides.
They can contain images, text, graphics, sound video
clips or combination of these.
They can be used for tutorial conferences, seminars
and exhibitions.
E.g. Ms. Power point.
Guidelines in Making PowerPoint Slides
Make your 1st or 2nd slide an outline of your
presentation and follow the order of your outline
for the rest of the presentation.
Use 1-2 slides per minute of your presentation.
Write in point form, not complete sentences.
Include 4-5 points per slide.
Show one point at a time: This will help
audience concentrate on what you are saying,
prevent audience from reading ahead and keep
your presentation focused.
Guidelines in Making PowerPoint Slides
Use at least an 18-point font. Use different size
fonts for main points and secondary points. If you
use a small font, your audience won’t be able to
read what you have written.
Use a standard font like Times New Roman or
Arial.
Use a colour of font that contrasts sharply with the
background. E.g. blue font on white background.
Use the same background consistently throughout
your presentation.
Instructional Software
Instructional software are programs developed for the
sole purpose of delivering instruction or supporting
learning activities.
Instructional software are sometimes referred to as
computer assisted instruction (CAI), computer-based
instruction (CBI), or computer assisted learning (CAL,
computer based learning (CBL).
Instructional Software Include:-
Drill and practice: These are exercises in which
students work example items, usually one at a time and
receive feedback on their correctness.
Instructional Software
Tutorial: delivers an entire instructional sequence
similar to a teacher’s classroom instruction.
This instruction usually is expected to complete enough
to stand alone (information summaries, explanation,
practice routines, feedback and assessment);
the student should be able to learn the topic without
any help or other materials from outside the
courseware.
Simulation: is an imitation or a representation of an
actual physical or social situation reduced to manageable
proportions to serve a specific purpose.
A simulation is a computerised model of a real or
imagined system designed to teach how a system works.
Microcomputer-based Laboratory (MBL)
MBL are electronic systems used to collect,
organise, and process real world data
automatically.
Any minds-on/hands-on experimental activities
where a computer and sensor gather, process, and
display data directly from the environment is called
microcomputer-based laboratory (MBL).
A sensor converts the physical quantity being
measured into electronic signal.
Interface device tells the sensor what to do ad
stores that data the sensor collects.
Microcomputer-based Laboratory (MBL)
Virtual Laboratories
Refers to programs that simulate the
experiments on computer using different images
(pictures and drawings) which express the
experiment to be performed.
Virtual Field Trip
The computer also provides opportunities to take
virtual field trips to museums, zoos, or science centers
without ever leaving the classroom.
LMS
Learning Management System (LMS) is a software that is used
by training organizations to deliver and track training activities,
usually with an emphasis on eLearning.
A software system, that allows the development and delivery of
educational courses using the Internet as a delivery system.
LMS helps a teacher to:
Create: Build online lessons (or eLearning content, as it’s
referred to in the industry).
Deliver: Assign, offer, or sell those courses to employees,
partners, customers, or a wider audience.
Monitor: Enroll and manage your training audiences. You can
also track and assess their performance.
Open Educational Resources
OERs are teaching, learning and research recourses that
are in the public domain that have been released under
intellectual property license that permits free use by others.
They include:-
Open courseware
Modules
Online tutorials
Open textbooks
Streaming videos
Open journals
Simulations
www.khanacademy.org http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/audio-video-courses/
http://cnx.org/
http://open.bccampus.ca/
www.curriki.org/
https://www.oerafrica.org/
https://oercommons.org/
https://phet.colorado.edu/
http://bestanimations.com/
www.khanacademy.org http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/audio-video-courses/
http://cnx.org/
http://open.bccampus.ca/
www.curriki.org/
https://www.oerafrica.org/
https://oercommons.org/
https://phet.colorado.edu/
http://bestanimations.com/
They enhance learner’s interest in learning.
Teaching and learning can be made interactive.
Computers can store, retrieve, manipulate, process, transmit
and receive information.
Teachers/learners present work in a more organized manner.
they can use computer to write, draw and print.
Alternative teaching approaches can be easily and
conveniently implemented.
Can reach large audiences at various locations, convenient for
the learner.
Knowledge and ability can reach physically challenged
learners.
Plagiarism: Computers have promoted plagiarism
for students who do not want to work on their own.
Hacking: Hackers can easily get an access of one’s
academic work.
Learners/teachers to access improper information
if
internet is misused.
Wastage of time playing computer games that
distract learner’s attention.
Cyber crime and online theft.
Disadvantages of using computers
Isolation - some students may regret the lack of social
interaction.
Change of living habits, styles and values of people.
Exposure to illegal or harmful materials. E.g. exposure to hate,
violence, misinformation, sexual predators, obscene,
pornographic, violent, racist, or otherwise offensive.
Receiving unsolicited messages.
Too much dependency on computers may develop intellectual
laziness.
Computer virus may damage the system software g effects,
such as harming the system software by corrupting or
destroying data.
Demands computer literacy skill.
References
Carin, A. & Bass, J. (2001). Methods for teaching
science as inquiry.8th ed. New Jersey:Prentice-Hall
Robyer, M. & Edwards, J. (2000). Integrating
educational technology into teaching. 2nd ed. New
Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
Thungu,J. et al.(2008). Mastering PTE education. Nairobi:
Oxford University Press.
‘An idle mind is an
angel of the evil’
End of the Lecture
