University of M’hamed BOUGARA of Boumerdes

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

(IGEE ex-INELEC)
Department of Power and Control engineering

EE421 – Computation and Simulation using

MATLAB /Simulink
Chapter 4: Introduction to SIMULINK

Dr. A. AMMAR

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Outlines:
1. Simulink Interface
2. Simulink Library
3. Running a Simulink model
4. Simulation of Linear Systems
5. User defined function in Simulink

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1. Simulink interface:
Simulink is the graphical programming package that works in association
with MATLAB and interacts as one combined package. It is employed for modeling,
simulating, and analyzing dynamic systems, control algorithm development, and so
forth.
To launch the package from MATLAB, you just type >> simulink in the Command
Window or using the button in the toolbar. The Simulink
startup window is show in the figure.
History

From the Simulink startup window, you can open existing models (recently worked
ones) from the right-side
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Or creating a new model by clicking on Blank Model or the other options there.
The Simulink main window, is shown below. Use the button to open the
Simulink library,

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2. Simulink Library :
The Simulink library browser is shown here:

The Simulink library contains blocks for representing the mathematical models of
commonly occurring components in dynamic systems. The blocks are grouped in
sub-libraries according to function.

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The standard Simulink sub-libraries are shown in the left pane of Figure.

Building a Simulink model of a system consists of selecting the appropriate blocks

and connecting them in a way that represents the mathematical model.

Inputs, when present, are implemented using blocks from the “Sources” sub-
library which can generate a host of input signals.

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Simulation output is saved and displayed using various blocks such as “Scopes,” “XY
Graphs,” and “Displays” from the “Sinks” sub-library

The blocks residing in the selected “Continuous” sub-library are shown in the right
pane. The “Integrator” block is selected and the transfer function, 1/s, is used to
designate the integrator.

Sources
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For arithmetic calculations we use the sub-library Math operations

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Example:
Let’s take the following simple to demonstrate how to build a Simulink model that
computes addition, multiplication, and subtraction of four different scalar numbers

It’s composed of Constant, Gain, Sum, and Display blocks. The scalars entered in
constant blocks are 13, 22, 3i/2, and 5. When this model is executed, it displays its
computed results in the Display block. Note that all of the blocks employed in this
model are available in the Simulink Library.

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Example:

Generation of three phase voltages

Example:
Use Simulink to solve the following problem for 0 ≤ t ≤ 13.

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3. Running a Simulink model

Simulink models implement solutions to algebraic, differential and difference

equations.

It offers a variety of numerical integrators to advance the continuous-time state

vector over an integration step. The user has the option of choosing a particular
solver and step size.

Clicking on the “Model Configuration Parameters” icon located directly

under “Simulation” in the Simulink tool bar leads to a dialog box like the one shown
in Figure where the simulation is configured according to the user’s preferences as
previously described.

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Fixed-step solvers solve the model at step sizes from the beginning to the end of
the simulation. You can specify the step size or let the solver choose it. Generally,
decreasing the step size increases the accuracy of the results and increases the
time required to simulate the system.

Variable-step solvers vary the step size during the simulation. They reduce the
step size to increase accuracy when the states of a model change rapidly. They
increase the step size to avoid taking unnecessary steps when the states of a model
change slowly.

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After configuring the simulation, hitting the “Start” icon on the Simulink tool bar
begins the simulation. The simulation terminates when the simulation time reaches
the selected “stop time”.

The simplest way to view simulation output is to select one of the scopes,
double click it, and observe the time history of its input.

The simulation results can also be imported to the MATLAB Workspace several
different ways. Mainly, to workspace bloc or to file

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4. Simulation of Linear Systems

The “Continuous” sub-library is used in general for linear system model

The “Transfer Fcn” and “Zero-Pole” blocks provide alternative
representations for the dynamics of a linear continuous-time component.

For example the Function in represents the RC circuit.

Example
In order to simulate the step response of a
continuous time second order system

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Subsystems and masks
It is possible to group several blocks to obtain a subsystem. To do this, select with the
mouse the corresponding blocks and then select Create Subsystem.

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 Example of separately excited DC Motor simulation:

The DC machine model is given by

𝑑 𝑖𝑎
𝑈 𝑎=𝑅 𝑎 𝑖 𝑎+ 𝐿𝑎 +𝐾 Φ 𝜔
𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝜔
𝑇 𝑒 − 𝑇 𝐿= 𝐽 + 𝑓 .𝜔
𝑑𝑡
Where the parametes values are given as:
La=0.006H ; Ra=0.6Ω ; KΦ=1; Ua=220V ;
J=0.1SI ; f=0.001SI, TL=5N.m
The Simulink model:

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 Example of DC Motor Control Using PID Controller:

Using the previous developed model in the open loop, a closed-loop speed control using a
PID controller.

PID Tuning Methods:

• PID controller can be tuned using an analytical method.

• PID tuner toolbox can be used

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PID tuner toolbox

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 5. Signal Routing Library

The Signal Routing library contains blocks that route signals from one point in a
block diagram to another.

• Demux
Separate a vector signal into output signals.
• Mux
Combine several input lines into a vector
line.
• Bus Selector
Output signals selected from an input bus.
• Goto
Pass block input to From blocks.
• From
Accept input from a Goto block.

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Example:

Goto block’s properties

To find the From block

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 Switches:

Manual Switch
Switch between two inputs.
Multiport Switch
Pass through the input signals corresponding to the discreet value of the first input,
(this bloc work as the switch case command

Switch
Pass through input 1 when input 2 satisfies the selected criterion; otherwise, pass
through input 3

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Example:
Manual Switch
Double click on the manual switch to switch

Multiport Switch
Must be a discrete natural number according to the number of the inputs.

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Switch

First choice (if)

The condition
second choice (else)

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6. User defined function in Simulink
Fcn
The Fcn block applies the specified mathematical expression to its input. The
expression can include one or more of these components:
u is the input to the block. If u is a vector, u(i) represents the i th element of the
vector; u(1) or u alone represents the first element.
MATLAB function

With a MATLAB Function block, you can write a MATLAB® function for use in a
Simulink® model
S-function

S-functions are SIMULINK blocks that can be programmed by the user (in
MATLAB language or in C language). They are used to simulate complex dynamic
systems (with time-varying parameters and/or with nonlinear components, different
sampling rates, etc.).

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