CSE 4103: Computer Graphics

Introduction
C R E AT E D BY M O D I F I E D BY
MD. KHALID SYFULLAH S. M. ABDULLAH ASHIK
L E C T U R E R , D E PA RT M E N T O F C S E , B A U S T L E C T U R E R , D E PA RT M E N T
OF CSE, BAUST

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Graphics
What is graphics?
 Pictorial representation of data
 Can be visual images or designs on some surface, such as a wall, canvas,
screen, paper, or even a stone!
 Examples
• Drawings
• Line graphs
• Diagrams
• Numbers
• Maps
• And many more……

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Computer Graphics
So what is Computer Graphics?
 Simply, Images that are generated by a computer are called computer
graphics.
 The term computer graphics has been used in a broad sense to describe
almost everything on computers that is not text or sound.
 Computer graphics usually refers the Image data created by a computer
specifically with help from specialized graphical hardware and software
Formal Definition
 Computer graphics refers to the creation, manipulation, and representation of
visual images and animations using computers.

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Synthetic Image vs Real Image
Real Image
 Obtained by an imaging device such as a camera, which converts the light from a scene to
pixel values
 Due to the image formation process that obeys the laws of physics, real images are rich,
complex and often noisy and textured
Synthetic Image
 A synthetic image is obtained by pure computation
 It is generated by modelling the real world and simulating the laws of physics by us

Current technology has the abilities to generate such synthetic images that will be impossible
to be separated from a real image.

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Synthetic Image vs Real Image

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Computer Graphics Scopes
Imaging
 Representing 2D images

Modeling
 Representing 3D objects

Rendering
 Constructing 2D images from 3D models

Animation
 Simulating changes over time

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Computer Graphics -
Applications
Computer Aided Design
 Structural design – design of buildings, bridges, car, aircraft, many more
 Electrical circuit, mechanical design
 Integration of computing and display resources

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Computer Graphics -
Applications
Computer Art
 Creation of fine and commercial art which include animation packages, paint packages etc.
 Provide facilities for designing object shapes and specifying object motion, cartoon drawing,
paintings, logo design and many more

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Computer Graphics -
Applications
Medical Visualization
◦ Tools for visualizing diagnosis
◦ Drive issues of precision and correctness
◦ Focus on presentation and interpretation of data
◦ Construction of models from acquired data

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Computer Graphics -
Applications
Scientific Data Visualization
 It is superb tool for presenting complex scientific data in a way that can be easily grasped
 Complex graphs, complex relationship among different variables can be generated easily

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Computer Graphics -
Applications
Education and Training
 Computer generated model can aid easy understanding (education).
 Low cost and very effective
 Various simulator can be used for practice / training session for aircraft pilot, heavy equipment
operators.

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Computer Graphics -
Applications
Entertainment:
 Highly used in movie industry and game industry.
 Used for creating motion pictures , music video, television shows, cartoon animation films.
 In the game industry where focus and interactivity are the key players, computer graphics helps in
providing such features in the efficient way.

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Computer Graphics -
Applications
Computer Vision and Image processing
 Improving Picture quality
 Machine perception of visual info

Process control
 The ability to monitor and adjust a process to give a desired output

Cartography
 The art and science of graphically representing a geographical area, usually on a flat surface such as a
map or chart
GUI
 Graphical User Interface

And many more……

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Why Study Computer Graphics?
We all have used computer graphics, now we’ll know the theory and
mathematics behind it.
Graphics is interesting
 Involves simulation, AI, algorithms, architecture

It’ll help to develop necessary skills to understand the fundamentals of

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What We’ll Learn from this
course?
Graphics hardware
 Input Devices: Mouse, Keyboard, Touchpad etc.
 Output Devices: Cathode Ray Tube (CRT), Raster Scan Displays, Random Scan Displays, Color
Monitor, Plasma Panel, LCD, LED monitors

Scan Conversion
 The process of representing continuous graphics object as a collection of discrete pixels

Curves and surfaces

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What We’ll Learn from this
course?
Graphics pipeline
 Graphics pipelining means the process of dividing graphics execution process into different
stages
• Application Stage
• Geometry Stage
• Rasterization Stage

Application Stage
 Entirely done in software by the CPU
 Read Data by user’s input (by mouse, keyboard, touchpad or other)
 In response to the user’s input, the application stage change the view or scene

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What We’ll Learn from this
course?
Geometry Stage

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What We’ll Learn from this
course?
Rasterization Stage

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What We’ll Learn from this
course?
We’ll learn every steps of graphics pipeline in details
We’ll also learn
 Fractals
 Ray tracing
 Light models
 Color models
 Graphics programming

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Instructions
Computer graphics is actually a very fun subject, but the concepts
must be learned very clearly.
It is a mathematical subject, so regular practice is essential.
The concepts of matrix multiplication and basic trigonometry must
be thoroughly understood.

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References
Computer Graphics
 Donald Hearn, M Pauline Baker
 Pearson Education
Theory and Problems of Computer Graphics
 R. Plastock, Zhigang Xiang
 (Schaum’s Outline Series) McGraw Hill

Computer Graphics From Scratch

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 Thank You

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