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Conditionals

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24 views23 pages

Conditionals

Uploaded by

harsh5145sharma
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Global

Institute of
Technology
Conditional Sentences
Communication Skills
B.Tech. I-Sem / Unit-II

Deepak Patil
Assistant Professor
I year, GIT
Conditional Sentences
Structure :
A conditional sentence is composed of 2
parts :
If-clause + Main
Clause
Example :

If it rains tomorrow, we will not come.

If-clause Main Clause


Conditional Sentences
Types :
⮚ The order of the two clauses is flexible, it’s not
important.
But if the if-clause comes first, it must be
followed by
a comma.
If it rains, I’ll stay at home
⮚ There are 4 types of conditional sentences.
They are classified according to the degree of
probability that they express.

⮚ Each type of conditional sentences uses


different
tenses to show the difference in the degree of
Conditional Sentences
🞆 Zero Conditional: If /when + present tense ….. / modal
🞆 Water boils if it reaches 100º

🞆 First Conditional: If/unless + present,….. Future


🞆 If I study, I’ll pass

🞆 Second Conditional: If + past, ……would +inf.


🞆 If I studied, I would pass

🞆 Third Conditional: If + past perfect ….. would have + pp


🞆 If I had studied, I would have passed
ZERO CONDITIONALS

Tense : Present tense in both clauses

Exampl
e:
Present Present
Tense Tense

If you heat water to 100°C, it boils.

If you pour oil into water, it floats.


ZERO CONDITIONALS

Use :

▪ Talk about universal truth.

If you heat ice, it turns to water

■To talk about habits

If I see a spider, I get very scared!


FIRST CONDITIONALS

Tense :

If-clause ~ Present Tense


Main Clause ~ Future Tense

Present
Future Tense
Tense

If I feel sick tomorrow, I will not go to


school.
If it rains, the match will be cancelled.
FIRST CONDITIONALS
Use :

▪ To speak about possible or probable


future events.
If the weather is as sunny tomorrow as it was today,
we will go surfing.
■To make promises or warnings
If you forget my birthday, I’ll never speak to you
again.
■ To give commands

If you are tired, go to bed!

In this case the verb in the main clause is an


Imperative
Exercise One. First
Conditionals
do not come (not come),
1. If you ___________________

will miss (miss ) the show.


You ________________

will buy
2. John __________________ (buy)a car if he

gets
_____________ (get) a job.
will get
3. Mary ________________(get) a toothache if
eats
she_________________ (eat) too many sweets.
SECOND CONDITIONALS

Tense : If-clause ~ Past Tense


Main Clause ~ would + an
infinitive
Example :
Past Would +
Tense infinitive

If he were a bird, he would fly across the


harbour.
If I had $200,000 now, I would buy a car.
SECOND CONDITIONALS

Use :

▪ To speak about present and future


situations which are unlikely to happen.
If I had any money I would lend it to you.
If I were you I wouldn't do this.

MIND
Were is often
used instead of
was in the 1st
and 3rd person
singular
THIRD CONDITIONALS

Tense : If-clause ~ Past Perfect Tense


Main Clause ~ Would Have +
Past
Participle
Past Perfect Would have+ Past
Tense Participle

If I had had enough money, I would have


bought the camera yesterday.

If I had come home earlier, I would not have


missed the programme.
THIRD CONDITIONALS
Use :
▪ To speak about impossible past events
If they’d gone by bus, they would have
arrived much later.
(They didn’t go by bus)

He would have travelled around the world if


he had had more money.

(Impossible to change,
because he didn’t have the
money)
Exercise Two

were
1. If I ________________ (be) four years old, I
would learn (learn) to play the piano.
________________
had not
2. If I ________________
failed (not fail) in the
would have
examination, my mother_______________
bought
(buy)
me a would
new computer.
have finished (finish) if we
3. We ________________________
had had
________________ (have) better preparation.
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

Other connectors:
Type 1 : UNLESS
If you don’t phone John, he’ll get very
angry.
Unless you phone John, he’ll get very angry.

Unless can replace


If in negative
conditionals
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
Other connectors:
PROVIDED / PROVIDING (THAT)/ WITH THE
CONDITION THAT/ AS LONG AS
You can stay with the condition that you
sleep on the couch.

I will go to the party as long as you go


there too
IMAGINE / SUPPOSE /SUPPOSING THAT

Imagine that you won a million


pounds, what would you do?
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
Other connectors:

EVEN IF
I won’t go to the party even if they beg
me
IN CASE

Take an umbrella in case it rains


CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

Variations:
Type 1, 2 and 3 :
If we are not careful, many species may become
extinct.
If I were an aeroplane, I could fly in the sky.
If she hadn’t worn her helmet, she might have
been seriously injured.

Modal verbs in conditional


sentences
I WISH / IF ONLY

🞆 We use wish and if only +past simple/continuous


or could when we want a situation or thing in the
present to be different or to change.

The time of the action referred to in the subordinate


clause is the same as the time of making the wish.

⚫ He wishes that he were rich.


⚫ I wish I didn’t have to leave.
⚫ I wish he was waiting for me.
⚫ I wish I could help you.
I WISH / IF ONLY
▪ We use wish + would to complain about a thing or a
situation.

She wishes that you would come to the meeting


tomorrow.

I wish you wouldn’t be so rude.

I wish my mother would let me go out till late.

She wishes her child would sleep all night long.


I WISH / IF ONLY

▪ We use wish / if only + past perfect / continuous or


could have + p.p.to express a wish about the past

They wish that they had studied harder when they


were young.
(they didn’t study)

I wish I hadn’t failed the exam


(I failed the exam)
EXERCISES

7. I wish that he Would visit us next year. (to visit)

8. She wishes that she were at home now. (to be)

9. You wish that he had helped you last week. (to help)
10. He will always wish he ____________
were rich. (to be)

11. The boy wished that he ____________


Would win the competition the next day. (to
win)
Had made
12. She will wish she _____________ the arrangements earlier. (to make)
were
13. I wish the weather ____________ warmer now. (to be)
were
14. We always wished we ____________ fluent in other languages. (to be)
Would telephone
15. They wish he ________________ them next week. (to telephone)
THANK YOU FOR OUR
ATTENTION

HAVE A WONDERFUL
DAY!

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