Welcome to

our
presentation
 DESIGN AND STRUCTURAL
ANALYSIS
OF
MULTISTORY HOSTEL BUILDING
Submitted byAT BHARATPUR Submitted to
Bikash Saud 16520269
Department of Civil Engineering
Bishal Chaudhary 16520275 November, 2019
Bipin Bhattrai 16520273
Anupama Subedi 16520261
Mandipa Acharya 16520291
 Contents
Introduction
Literature review
Methodology
Structural design of elements
Ductile detailing
Result and discussion
Conclusion and recommendation
References
 Introduction
 Most of the part of Nepal is located in earthquake prone zone (Zone-V).
And so does our project site, Bharatpur Metropolitan City. (Source : IS 1893:2000)
 Most of the buildings in Nepal as non-engineered building.
 Due to the presence of many schools and colleges, there is necessary of
Hostel building for good accommodation.
 Residential building are being used as hostel building which are designed
as residential criteria which could create structural problem.
 Building should be designed such that which ensures stability, strength
and serviceability.
 Problem Statement
The problems could be as follows:
Expansion of built-up area. （ Rapid Urban Growth in the Kathmandu Valley ）
Increment in the land acquisition. （ Upreti et al. ， 2017 ）
Practice of Non-Engineered Buildings.
Natural Disaster.
Seismic zone.
 Objectives
The specific objectives of the project can be summed up as:
 Preparation of the plan of the building to meet the requirements
for its intended use.
 Identification of the structural arrangement of the plan.
 Modeling the building for structural analysis.
 Analyzing the structure using structural analysis program ETABS
(17.0.1).
 Sectional design of the structural members.
 Preparation of detail structural drawing of the design.
 Scope
It will help as a references for the junior level during their final project.
This design is suitable in any place for Seismic Zone V
It will be helpful for municipality, INGO, NGO.
 Limitations
The project is an ideal one.
The Bearing capacity was not carried out at the field, rather it was referred form
NBC- as per the physical condition of the soil.
The torsional irregularities were not considered during the design.
The analysis and design were carried out using IS code only because of time
constrains.
 Building Description
 Building type Hostel building
 Location Bhojad-11, Chitwan, Nepal
 Type of Building Special RC Moment Resisting Frame Structure
 Plinth Area 177m2
 Type of foundation Isolated and Combined footing
 No. of storey 3 + staircase cover
 Floor height 3200 mm
 Type of soil Medium Soil II ( Source: - IS-1893(Part 1):2000)
 Bearing Capacity of soil 150 KN/m 2 (Source: - NBC)
 Seismic zone V
 Size of column 350mm x 350mm
 Size of beam 275mm x 375mm
 Slab thickness 150mm
 Code of practices
 IS 456:2000 (Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete )
 IS 1893 (part I):2002 (Criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures )
 IS 13920:1993 (Code of practice for ductile detailing of reinforced concrete structures subjected to seismic
forces)
 IS 875 (part I):1987 (to assess dead loads)
 IS 875(part II):1987 (to assess live loads)
 SP 16 and SP 34 (design aids and hand book)
 Assumptions in design and analysis
 Tensile strength of concrete is ignored.
 Shrinkage and temperature strength are negligible.
 Adhesion between concrete and steel is adequate to develop full strength.
 Seismic and wind load do not occur simultaneously.
 Centerlines of beams and columns are concurrent everywhere.
 As per the NBC soil bearing capacity is taken as 150 KN/m2 .
 Literature Review
Design philosophy
A design philosophy is a set of assumptions and procedures which
are used to meet the conditions of serviceability, safety, economy
and functionality of the structure. There are three philosophies for
the design of reinforced concrete viz.
 working stress method
 ultimate load method
 limit state method
 Limit state method
•Limit state is the state of impending failure, beyond which a structure ceases to perform its intended
function satisfactorily, in terms of either safety or serviceability .
• Limit state design has been originated from ultimate or plastic design.
• The plane section normal to the axis of member remains plane after bending.
• The maximum strain concrete at the outermost compression fiber is 0.0035.

Limit state of collapse

a) Flexure,
b) Compression,
c) Shear and
d) Torsion
Limit state of serviceability
e) Deflection,
f) Cracking and
g) Vibration
Loads
 Dead load
According to the IS 875:1987 (Part I), the dead load in a building shall comprise the
weights of all walls, partitions, beam, column, floor and roofs.
 Live load
Depends upon the occupancy and use of building.
These are to be chosen from codes as IS: 875:1987 (Part II) for various occupancies
where required.
 Earthquake load
Earthquake loads are the loads that occurs due to the sudden release of energy in the
earth’s crust that creates seismic waves


Seismic Coefficient
The seismic coefficients are dimensionless coefficients which represent the (maximum)
earthquake acceleration as a fraction of the acceleration due to gravity. Typical values are
in the range of 0.1 to 0.3
 Methodology
Study of plan Data collection Preliminary design Load calculation

Result No
interpretation and Design
Detailing & Modeling &
preparation of
check analysis
drawing
Yes

Fig. Flowchart
Conceptual and theoretical framework :-
 All the engineering knowledge acquired in past four year is the basis
of the work.
 In addition, the theories and design procedures learnt in reinforced concrete structures,
steel structures and estimating.
 ETABS (17.0.1) is used for the design and analysis of the structures.
 AUTOCAD 2007 is used for detail drawing.

Site location:-
 The proposed land lies at Bharatpur-11, Bishal chowke, chitwan.
Site location
 Data collection:-
Primary data collection: Field observation (size of field), soil type(sandy gravel type),
bearing capacity of soil.
Secondary data collection: Data were collected from the different journals, books,
literatures, etc. and design parameters have been taken from Indian Standard code of
Practices

 Preliminary design:
Preliminary design is determining the size of the structural components beam, slab, column
based on IS code provision and LSM of serviceability criteria for deflection control and moment
criteria method.
 Slab
The preliminary design of RCC slab for the floor and roof of the proposed building is based on
fulfillment of deflection control criteria of IS 456:2000 .
Deflection criteria span/effective depth =26*modification factor. (IS 456-2000 Art 23.2.1)
• Beam
  Estimation of loads

 Dead load

Type Value
Reinforced concrete 25 KN/m3
Brick masonry 19KN/m3
Floor finish 1 KN/m2

 Live load

SN Area type Load Unit

1 Balconies 3 KN/m2

2 All rooms and Kitchens 2 KN/m2

4 Bathrooms and Toilets 2 KN/m2

5 Corridors, Passages and staircase 3 KN/m2

• Seismic Load
 vertical distribution of base shear
• Modeling and analysis
 Modeling was performed by ETABS 17.0.1 which is both modeling as well as analyzing tool

Fig: ETABS model

• Analysis
 Preprocessing stage
 Modeling beams, columns and slabs.
 Defining materials, Gravity load applied
 EQ in X and Y directions
 Form factored and unfactored load combinations.
 Processing stage
 Cases was run. ETABS 17.0.1 works as finite element method.
 Post processing stage
 Deals with the presentation of results.
 Check lateral loads, maximum storey drifts, maximum storey displacements,
story shears, moment, axial forces.
 Structural design of elements
 Beam
From the ETABS 17.0.1 analysis critical beam was B23 (C1-D1 grid)
Size of beam Extraction of
from Mu,Vb and Tu Determine M
preliminary from
design ETABS(17.0.1)

Yes
No
M<=
Mu
Find tensile
reinforcement
Design of singly
reinforcement
Find compression
reinforcement
Design of shear
reinforcement
Check for
development
length
  Column
 Critical column was C20 of size 350x350mm and steps below shows the design procedure of axially loaded
column with biaxial bending:
Size of column
from preliminary
design
Check for
slenderness ratio
and eccentricity
Extraction of P%,Pu,Mux
and Muy from ETABS
(17.0.1)

Check for
Find P/Fck and (Muy/Muy1)
Pu/Fck No
αn
+
(Muz/Muz1)
αn
<1
Calculation of Muy1 and
Muz1 Yes
Provide lateral
ties
  Slab
The slab for all the number of cases and type of panels like interior panels, short edge discontinuous,
two adjacent edge discontinuous and long edge discontinuous and in each case longest size of panel
was taken.

Depth of slab from Calculate effective Check for type of

Calculate load
preliminary design span slab

Calculate the area Calculate the depth

Check for criteria Calculate the BM
of reinforcement of slab
 Footing
 Isolated Footing:
Isolated footing and combined footing were designed as per the division of two groups by their axial
load.
 Design of footing elements
 Axial load for design footing for load case 1.5(DL+LL) was taken from ETABS 17.0.1.
 Find approximate area of footing
 Find soil pressure intensity at different points
 Find maximum moments
 Depth of foundation slab required from moment criteria and punching shear criteria
 Calculate area of steel required (Ref IS 456:2000 CL 38.1).
 Check for minimum percentage of steel
• Combined Footing
 The spacing between two isolated footing was less than 1m. So, it was required to
provide combine footing.
 total axial load 593.509 KN
 footing size 3.6 x 1.5m
 Ast required =1354.893 mm2
 provide 12mm rebar at 150mm spacing.
• Staircase
 Assume thickness of waist slab
 Calculation of load
 Calculation of reactions
 Calculation of maximum bending moment
 Calculation of area of steel
 Check for shear
Ductile Detailing Of Reinforced Concrete Structures
 Beam (IS 13920:1993)
 At least two bars go through the full length of the beam at the top as well as the bottom of
the beam.
 Lap splices shall not be provided (a) within a joint (b) within a distance of 2d from joint
face .
 Column (IS 13920:1993)
 Column should be at least 300mm wide.
 Closely spaced ties must be provided at the two ends of the column over a length
 The lap length should be provided only in the middle half of column and not near its top
or bottom ends
 Slab
 SP 34 Fig 9.5 shows the curtailment of bars section for slab.
 Staircase
 SP 34 Fig 10.3 shows detailing for staircase.
 Results and Discussion
 Seismic consideration
All the table shows that the governing combination of load are seismic load combination which
involves the includement of seismic forces.

Flexural Design Moment, Mu3

End-I Middle End-J
Design Mu Design Mu Design Mu
KN-m KN-m KN-m
Top (+2 Axis) -107.215 0 -120.5181
Combo 1.5(DL-EQX) 0.9DL+1.5EQX 1.5(DL+EQX)
Bot (-2 Axis) 0 56.9296 0
Combo 1.5(DL-EQx) 1.5(DL-EQX) 1.5(DL+EQX)
 Design Shear Force for Major Shear, Vu2

End-I Middle End-J

Design Vu Design Vu Design Vu
KN KN KN
133.1841 0.0886 131.2307

1.5(DL+EQy) 1.5(DL-EQy) 1.5(DL-EQy)

Design Torsion Force

Design Tu Design Tu

KN-m KN-m
17.6856 19.273
1.5(DL-Eqy) 1.5DL
 Base shear
• Table below shows the base shear calculated from ETABS and manual calculation.
• ETABS 17.0.1 is an integrated software which uses different consideration which is very difficult
to consider during manual calculation. This might be a cause for this difference in base shear.

Base Shear for Base Shear from manual calculation

ETABS 17.0.1

Base shear Eqx and 912.2402KN 915.336KN

EQy
 Equivalent Lateral Load
 Table below shows the lateral loads at different floor levels along horizontal X
direction.
 According to IS code lateral load increases as increase in height of building and simply
the load of 4th floor was less,so 4th floor lateral load was found to be less than 3 rd floor.

Elevation X-Dir Y-Dir

Story
m kN kN
Base 0 0 0
Story1 3.2004 84.459 0
Story2 6.4008 338.836 0
Story3 9.6012 432.208 0
Story4 12.8016 60.841 0
 Mass Participation Ratio
 Table below shows the mass participation ratio of building under various modes. . It can be observed that
the 90 percent of total seismic mass was considered in 5 mode which satisfies the codal provision
 UX and UY in the table shows translation in x and y and UZ shows the rotation.
 Storey drift
 Table below shows the displacement and relative displacement(story drift) along x
direction.
 the maximum value of storey drift should be less than 0.4% of storey height.
 Relative drift or story drift is the difference between two consucative story displacement
divided by story height.

Story Elevation Disp in X dir Drift in x dir Dis in y dir drift in y

Base 0 0 0 0 0
Story1 3.2004 5.861 0.001831 6.205 0.001908
Story2 6.4008 12.95 0.002215 13.68 0.002336
Story3 9.6012 17.404 0.001456 18.511 0.00151
Story4 12.8016 20.951 0.001128 21.511 0.00104
 Column P-M-M Interaction Ratio
• PMM ratio is the sum of bending moment demand/capacity ratio.
• PMM ratio refers to the axial force and bi-axial moment of the column
• The cross-sectional area of longitudinal reinforcement, shall be not less than
0.8 percent not more than 6 percent of the gross cross-sectional area of the
beam.

Label Story Location P M Major M Minor

PMM Ratio or Rebar
%
kN kN-m kN-m

C20 Story1 Top 520.733 120.077 53.5846 3.08%

C7 Story4 Top 58.9768 52.429 37.5174 1.18%
 Maximum BM, AF and SF
 Beam:
Maximum flexural moment and Axial force of beam at End I, Middle and End J section is
shown in table.
Flexural Design Moment, Mu3
End-I Middle End-J
Design Shear Force for Major Shear, Vu2
Design Mu Design Mu Design Mu
End-I Middle End-J
kN-m kN-m kN-m
Design Vu Design Vu Design Vu
Top (+2 Axis) - 107.215 0 -120.5181
kN kN kN
Combo 1.5(DL-EQX) 0.9DL+1.5EQX 1.5(DL+EQX)
133.1841 0.0886 131.2307
Bot (-2 Axis) 0 56.9296 0
1.5(DL+EQ 1.5(DL-
1.5(DL-EQY)
Combo 0.9DL+1.5EQX 1.5(DL+EQX) 0.9DL-1.5EQX Y) EQY)
 Maximum BM, AF and SF

Bending Moment Diagram Due to Shear Force Diagram Due to Envelope

Envelope
 Beam-column capacity ratio
Since, the design was based on weak beam-strong column,so beam column capacity ratio
should be less than 1 (IS 13920:1993).
• Figure shows the Beam-Column capacity ratio along grid B-B.
 Base reaction
The base reaction considered in designing footing (combination 1.5(DL+LL)).
 Design summary
 Beam
Table shows the Ast required, Ast provided and no of bars provided for critical section.
Manually Calculated
Position Bars Area Provided (mm2)
2
Area of Steel mm

I (top) 1044.824 2-20Øth+2-20 Ø Ex 1256.6

I (bottom) 522.412 2-20Ø th 628.56
Mid (top) 472.000 2-20Ø th 628.56
Mid (bot) 472.000 2-20 Ø th 628.56

2-20Ø th+ 2-20Ø

j (top) 1141.909 Ex 1256.6
j (bottom) 570.955 2-20Ø th
628.56
 Slab
Table shows the type of slab,its thickness ,Ast required and the area of reinforcement
provided in spacing.
 Staircase
Table shows the thickness of waist slab provided , main bar reinforcement required,
reinforcement provided , distribution bar required and the distribution bar provided.

Thickness
Main bar Reinforcement Distribution Reinforcement
S.N. of waist
reinforcement(req) provided Bar(req) provided
slab

12mm Ø @ 10mm Ø @ 200

1 150 mm 1234.6 mm2 50.26 mm2
175mm mm
 Footing
Table shows the footing depth ,sizes of footing ,area of reinforcement required and
reinforcement provided in both direction.

Spacing of
Depth of Size of Area of
Type of Footing reinforcemen
Footing footing reinforcement(req)
t Both-ways

Isolated 1 460 mm 2m x 2m 1035.00 mm2 150 mm

Combined 460 mm 1.5m x 3.04m 1380.00mm2 150 mm
 Column
Table shows the reinforcement required, no of bars and Ast provided for any column (say
Grid A1 column).

Reinforcement Ast
Grid required no of bars provided
GF to 1st floor = 3509 3927.00m
mm2 8-25 Ф m2
1st to 2nd floor = 3927.00m
A1 column 3509mm2 8-25 Ф m2
2nd to 3rd floor = 4-25 Ф+4- 3220.14m
2910mm2 20Ф m2
3rd to 4th floor
 Conclusion
 Based on the input variables the analysis was done by ETABS and the result was
compatible with the codal provision
 The governing load combination was found to be seismic one, so all the members were
designed for seismic load combination.
 Thickness of slab was found to be practicable.
 As there was no such variation in the vertical load at the base, so the type of
foundation adopted was isolated and combined footing since spacing is less
then 1m.
 Design parameter like Base Shear, Story Drift, Lateral load, PMM interaction ratio was
checked for the seismic resistant building.
 Recommendations
 Bearing capacity adopted for the design was idealized one. So, it is necessary to do site
investigation in order to determine the bearing capacity of sub-soil for the economic and
efficient design.
 The project is idealized one. So, this type of project could be replicate in different places.
 This type of project is very essential in different sever seismic zones for country like
Nepal.
 Analysis is done only using single software ETABS. So, validation using other relevant
software is necessary for the secureness.
 As the concept of this project is to provide better utility to the students so all the other
essential utilities like playground, parking, seminar hall, security guard house, dumping
yard etc. which are essential for today’s modern life should be designed.
 The estimation of the project is not carried out and the cost of the project is unknown.
Hence, it is mandatory to know the overall cost of the project.
 Reference
AdhikaryRoshanMulukkai Dosro Thulo Bhukampa, ekantipur.com ． 28 April 2015 ．
BhattaraiKeshav, ConwayDennis Urban Vulnerabilities in the Kathmandu valley, Nepal:
Visualizations of Human/Hazard Interactions ． April 2010 ．
Eff ect of Earthquake on Buildings ． MohorovicicAndrija2009 ， Geofi zika ， pp.22-28 ．
ekantipurNowhere-to-go ． Kathmandu ， Ekantipur ， 2017 ．
Geography and Man's Environment ． Strathler A.N., StratherA.H. 1976 ， New Works ．
National Seismological Centre [Online]http://seismonepal.gov.np/about-us ．
PillaiSUnnikrishna, MenonDevdas Reinforced Concrete Design ． NewDelhi ， Tata
McGraw-Hill ， 2005 ．
Planning , Designing and Analysis of Hostel Building ． NaiduS.Brahmaet al.mar-apr
2018 ， International Journal of Engineering Trends and Applications (IJETA) ， p.5 ．
Rapid Urban Growth in the Kathmandu Valley ． LshtiaqueShrestha,
ChhetriOctober ， Monitoring land use cover, Dynamics of a Himalayan City with landset
Imaginaries ．
Seismic response of current RC buildings in Kathmandu
Valley ． ChaulaganiHemchandraet al.2015 ， Techni-press ， pp.791-814 ．
Upretiet al.New Challenges in Land Use in Nepal: Refl ections on the Booming Real-estate
Sector in Chitwan and Kathmandu Valley ． 3 January 2017 ．
REFERENCE CODES:
IS 456: 2000 Code for practice for plain and Reinforced Concrete
IS 875: 1987 Code for practice for Design Loads for Building and Structure
(part I –Dead Load; part II – Imposed Loads)
IS 1893(part I):2002 Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures:
IS 13920: 1993 Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures Subjected
to seismic Forces
SP 16 Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete to IS 456: 1978
SP 34 Handbook on Concrete Reinforcement & Detailing
 Thank
you
Any Questions??