COMPUTER
PROGRAM
IS-1
WHAT IS A PROGRAM
• A computer program is a series of instructions written to
perform a specific task on a computer
WHAT IS PROGRAMMING
• Programming is the art or process and science of
creating/writing programs
WHAT IS PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGE
• A programming language is a toll that allows programmers to
write commands or programs that can easily be understood
by a person and translate into codes that are machine
readable
BRIEF HISTORY OF PROGRAMMING
• The history of programming dates back to the early 19th
century when mathematician Ada Lovelace created an
algorithm for Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine, which is
considered the first computer. However, the first actual
programming language was developed in the 1950s by IBM,
called FORTRAN (Formula Translation)
CLASSIFICATION OF
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
CLASSIFICATION OF
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
• Low-level language
The low-level language is a programming language that
provides no abstraction from the hardware, and it is
represented in 0 or 1 forms, which are the machine
instructions. The languages that come under this category are
the Machine level language and Assembly language.
HAL is a software component that acts as an interface between
the hardware and the operating system.
CLASSIFICATION OF
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
• Machine-level language
The machine-level language is a language that consists of a
set of instructions that are in the binary form 0 or 1. As we
know that computers can understand only machine
instructions, which are in binary digits, i.e., 0 and 1, so the
instructions given to the computer can be only in binary codes.
CLASSIFICATION OF
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
• Assembly Language
The assembly language contains some human-readable
commands such as mov, add, sub, etc. The problems which we
were facing in machine-level language are reduced to some
extent by using an extended form of machine-level language
known as assembly language.
HIGH-LEVEL LANGUAGE
• The high-level language is a programming language that allows a programmer
to write the programs which are independent of a particular type of computer.
The high-level languages are considered as high-level because they are closer
to human languages than machine-level languages.
• Advantages of a high-level language
• The high-level language is easy to read, write, and maintain as it is written in
English like words.
• The high-level languages are designed to overcome the limitation of low-level
language, i.e., portability. The high-level language is portable; i.e., these
languages are machine-independent.
CLASSIFICATION OF
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
PROGRAMMING DEVELOPMENT
PROCESS
1-GATHERING & ANALYSIS OF
REQUIREMENT:
Before the team of software technicians can cough up the general
idea for any software, it is essential for the team to gather the
business requirements in this very first phase. At this point, the
prime focus of the stakeholders and project managers is to note the
exact things needed from any software under consideration. There
are several questions to be asked at this stage, which include:
• Who is supposed to use this software?
• How will the software be used upon completion?
• What type of data should be added to the software?
• What should be the data output by this software?
2-DESIGN:
• This is the next phase of the software development process.
In this stage, the draft design is prepared for the software
from the stage-1 requirement specifications. The system
designs help in specifying the hardware as well as system
requirements. It also helps with the definition of an overall
system in software architecture.
3-CODING/IMPLEMENTATION:
• After receiving the design documents for the software to be
created, the work following the design stage is divided
equally into various units and modules. This is the stage
where actual coding begins. The main focus of the phase is
the development of perfect codes by the developers. This
particular phase is the longest in the entire protocol.
4-TESTING:
• If you want to know what is software development; you can
never skip understanding the testing stage. This particular
stage is very crucial for the developers. If anything goes
wrong in the testing stage or any error is noted in the codes,
it can lead to the repetition of the coding process, and the
cycle goes on till the completion of the same. In this stage,
all variants of functional testing such as integration testing,
unit testing, system testing, acceptance testing, and non-
functional testing are done.
5-DEPLOYMENT STAGE:
• After all the errors from coding are removed during the
testing stage, the next step is termed as the deployment
stage. The finalized code is implemented into the software
and then deployed or delivered to the customers to be used.
6-MAINTENANCE:
• Once the customers start using well-developed software, the
actual issues start surfacing with time. This doesn’t mean
that the software will get corrupted. However, it might
require occasional issues surfacing time and again. This
particular process is termed as maintenance for the finalized
product or software.
