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Multiprocessing

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39 views8 pages

Multiprocessing

Uploaded by

maimona asum
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Multiprocessin

Page 01
g
No. of CPUs
increasing performance

Computers that have multiple CPUs within a single


computer, sharing some or all of the system’s memory.
and I/O facilities are called multiprocessor systems or
sometimes referred to as tightly coupled systems.

When multiple CPU processors are supplied within a single


integrated circuit, they are more commonly called
multicore processors

Page 02
Access to the same programs

All the processors in a multiprocess configuration have


access to the same programs and data in shared memory
and to the same I/O devices

Multitasking

Programs or pieces of programs may be run in any CPU


that is available, so that each additional processor
extends the power available for multitasking in a
multiprocessing systems, at least within the capability of
the shared components, the memory, buses, and I/O
controllers
Each CPU processes its own assigned
sequence of program instructions
independently.

For instance, a dual-core processor


effectively doubles the number of
instructions executed in a given time, a
qud-core would quadrple the rate, and so
forth

A multiprocessor might consist of two,


four or eight core CPU within a single chip
and each core in the chip is a full blown
superscalar CPU
Since the execution speed of a CPU is directly related to
the clock speed of the CPU, the equivalent processing
power can be achieved at much lower clock speeds,
reducing power consumptions, heat, and stress within
the various computer components

Program can be divided into independent pieces, and


the different parts executed simultaneously on multiple
CPUs

With multiprocessing, increasing computational power


may be achieved by adding more CPUs, which is

Consideration
relatively expensive

s
data dependencies and cache memory misses can stall
the pipelines in a single CPU. Multiprocessing allows the
computer to continue instruction execution in the other
CPUs, increasing overall throughput

Page 05
Threads
independent segments of programs where work
is assigned from among the programs available
to be executed.

theoretically executed by CPU considering that it


has access to the same memory and I/O,
including the operating system

Page 07
Configuration of a
multiprocessing
system
Master-Slave Multiprocessing Symmetrical Multiprocessing (SMP)

one CPU, the master, manages the Each CPU has identical access to the
system, and controls all resources and operating system and to all system
scheduling resources, including memory
Only the master may execute the
operating system, while other CPUs are Each CPU schedules its own work, within
slaves, performing work assigned to parameters, constraints, and priorities
them by the master set by the operating system
Page 08
Hyperthreadin technique where a number of CPUs implement a
simplified, limited form of multiprocessing using

g parallel execution units within a single CPU to process


two or more threads simultaneously

simultaneous thread multiprocessing (STM)

useful in dealing with cache stalls, because the CPU


can be kept busy working on the alternative thread or
threads

The OS manages STM in a manner similar to SMP and


since STM operates within a single CPU and SMP
operates between CPUs, STM and SMP can be used
together

Page 09

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