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l1.3 Probability Distribution

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3 views29 pages

l1.3 Probability Distribution

Uploaded by

Reymark Maestral
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lesson 1.

Probability Distribution
Learning Competency

At the end of the lesson, the learners should be


able to illustrate a probability distribution for a
discrete random variable and its properties
(M11/12SP-IIIa-4).
Objectives

At the end of this lesson, the learners should be


able to do the following:

● Illustrate a probability distribution for a discrete


random variable.
● Construct a probability distribution for a
discrete random variable.
In probability, we
create probability
distributions to
help us predict
the occurrence of
an event.
For example, a
stock trader may
look on the
patterns of stock
prices of a
specific stock in
the market.
The distribution
of increase and
decrease in stock
prices may be
used in order to
predict the future
price of the stock.
Learn about It!

Probability Distribution of a
Discrete Random Variable
A probability distribution of a discrete
random variable is a list, a table, a graph,
or a formula of probabilities associated
with each of its possible values.
Learn about It!

Probability Distribution of a
Discrete Random Variable
The probability distribution of a (discrete) random
variable X is a list of each possible value
of X together with the probability that X takes that
value in one trial of the experiment.
 Probability distribution is denoted by P(X).
Learn about It!

Probability Distribution of a Discrete Random


Variable
Properties:
•The probability of each outcome is between 0
and 1, inclusive. This means that .

•The sum of all the probabilities of the random


variable is equal to 1 or 100%. That is, .
Try
Let’s
it!Practice

Example A: Determine whether the distribution is a valid


probability distribution for a discrete random variable .
1
.

2
.
Solution to Let’s Practice

To determine whether a probability distribution is valid, we must satisfy the


two properties for the probability distribution of a discrete random variable.
SOLUTION A.1:

1. The probability of each outcome is between and.


The probabilities , and are all between and , inclusive.
2. The probability of each outcome is between and.

The probabilities , and are all between and , inclusive.


Solution to Let’s Practice

SOLUTION A.2:

The sum of all the probabilities of the


random variable is equal to or .

1.
The sum of all the probabilities is 1.
2.
The sum of all the probabilities is 0.94.
Solution to Let’s Practice

Therefore,
1. The distribution of number 1 example is a
valid probability distribution for the discrete
random variable .
2. While, number 2 example does not
represent the probability distribution for the
discrete random variable .
Try
Let’s
it!Practice

Example B: Construct the probability distribution for the


random variable which pertains to the number of tails in
each outcome when tossing two coins.
Solution to Let’s Practice
Example B: Construct the probability distribution for the random
variable which pertains to the number of tails in each outcome when
tossing two coins.

Solution
In tossing two coins, the possible outcomes are

where represents head and represents tail.


Solution to Let’s Practice
Example B: Construct the probability distribution for the random
variable which pertains to the number of tails in each outcome when
tossing two coins.

Solution
From the outcomes, we can have the following
table:
Number of tails Outcomes

,
Solution to Let’s Practice
Example B: Construct the probability distribution for the random
variable which pertains to the number of tails in each outcome when
tossing two coins.

Solution
Based on the table above, the random variable can
take the values of and
Solution to Let’s Practice
Example B: Construct the probability distribution for the random
variable which pertains to the number of tails in each outcome when
tossing two coins.

Solution
Thus, the formula to find the probability distribution for
the discrete random variable is

𝑛( 𝑋) number of elements having the same random variable


𝑃 ( 𝑋 )=
𝑛( 𝑆) total number of outcomes (sample space)
Solution to Let’s Practice
Example B: Construct the probability distribution for the random
variable which pertains to the number of tails in each outcome when
tossing two coins.

Solution
Therefore, the probability distribution for the discrete
random variable is
Try
Let’s
it!Practice

Example C: Construct the probability distribution of the


set of data and draw its corresponding histogram.
1 The probabilities that a surgeon operates on 3, 4, 5, 6,or
. 7 patients in any one day are 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.20, and
0.20 respectively.
Try
Let’s
it!Practice

Example C: Construct the probability distribution of the


set of data and draw its corresponding histogram.
1 The probabilities that a surgeon operates on 3, 4, 5, 6,or
. 7 patients in any one day are 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.20, and
0.20 respectively.

Solution:
Solution to Let’s Practice
The probabilities that a surgeon operates on 3, 4, 5, 6,or 7 patients in
any one day are 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.20, and 0.20 respectively..
Solution:

Properties: 1.
2.

Histogram: on the board


Try It!

Individual Activity:
A. Determine whether the distribution represent a probability
distribution or not. Explain your answer.

1
.

2
.
Try It!

Individual Activity:
B. Four coins are tossed. Construct the probability
distribution for the random variable which denotes the
number of heads that will occur.

C. Construct the probability distribution of the set of data


and draw its corresponding histogram.
1. The probabilities of a biased die will borrow 1, 2, 3,
4, 5, or
Try It!

Group Practice: To be done in groups of three.

A bowl contains five marbles numbered as and. If a


random experiment of picking three marbles at a time
was conducted, construct a probability distribution for
the random variable which represents the sum of the
numbers on the marbles.
Key Points

● The probability distribution of a discrete random


variable is a list, a table, a graph, or a formula of
probabilities associated with each of its possible
values.
Key Points

● Properties of a Probability Distribution:


a. The probability of each outcome is between 0 and
1, inclusive. This means that .

b. The sum of all the probabilities of the random


variable is equal to 1 or 100%. That is, .
Bibliography
“Discrete Random Variables.” Lumen Learning. Retrieved 21 June 2019 from
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-statistics/chapter/discrete-random-variables/

Mendenhall III, William et al. Introduction to Probability and Statistics. United States of America:
Cengage Learning, 2013.

“Probability Distributions for Discrete Random Variables." Saylor Academy. Retrieved 21 June
2019 from
https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_introductory-statistics/s08-02-probability-distributions-for-.
html
Bibliography
“Probability Distributions for Discrete Random Variables." Statistics LibreTexts. Retrieved 21
June 2019 from
https://stats.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Statistics/Book%3A_Introductory_Statisti
cs_(Shafer_and_Zhang)/04%3A_Discrete_Random_Variables/4.02%3A_Probability_Distribution
s_for_Discrete_Random_Variables

“Random Variable and Its Probability Distribution.” Toppr. Retrieved 21 June 2019 from
https://www.toppr.com/guides/maths/probability/random-variable-and-its-probability-distribut
ion/

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