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Identifying Regions Under The Normal Curve

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Reyzhaine Aboy
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31 views17 pages

Identifying Regions Under The Normal Curve

Uploaded by

Reyzhaine Aboy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

Regions under the Normal Curve and Conversion of a normal random


variable to a standard normal variable and vice versa
WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF THE
STANDARD NORMAL CURVE?

• A standard normal curve is a normal


probability distribution that has a mean
(μ) equal to 0 and a standard deviation
(σ) equal to 1.
OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, the students shall be able
to:
• Identify the regions of the areas under the normal
curve corresponding to different standard to
different standard normal values.
• find areas between paired z-scores and
probabilities for the standard normal random
variable z;
• express areas under the normal curve using
THE STANDARD NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
(Z)

All normal distributions can be converted into the


standard normal curve by subtracting the mean and
dividing by the standard deviation:
X
Z

Hundredth place of a z-value

{
z-values
IDENTIFYING REGIONS
AREAS UNDER THE NORMAL
CURVE
• Using the z-table, we can determine specific regions
under the normal curve.
• For example, 50% of the region under the curve is below
the mean and 50% is above the mean. Specific regions
can be determined in terms of their usefulness in a
situation.
Since the z-table provides the proportion of the area (or
probability or percentage) between any two specific values
under the curve, regions under the curve can be described
in terms of area.
IDENTIFYING REGIONS
AREAS UNDER THE NORMAL
CURVE
• For example, the area of the region between z=0 and z=1 is given in the
z-table to be 0.3413. We can do operations with the areas to identify
more regions under the curve. So, to find the area of the region between
z = 1 and z = 2, we subtract 0.3413 from 0.4772 resulting in 0.1359.
• It is graphically shown in this figure.
IDENTIFYING REGIONS
AREAS UNDER THE NORMAL
CURVE
• In general, we can determine the area in any
specified region under the normal curve and
associate it with probability, proportion, or
percentage.
• When z is negative, we simply ignore the negative
sign and proceed as before. The negative sign
informs us that the region is found on the left on
the left side of the mean. Areas are positive
values.
IDENTIFYING REGIONS
AREAS UNDER THE NORMAL
CURVE
Example:
Find the area that corresponds to each of the following z-
values:
1. z = 1.96
2. z = -1.15
Solutions:
1. z = 1.96 - This area is 0.4750
2. z = 1.15 - This area 0.3749
DETERMINING
PROBABILITIES
The following notations for a random variable are used in
our various solutions concerning the normal curve.
Mathematical notations are convenient forms of lengthy

• denotes the probability that the z-score is between 𝛼 and


expressions.

𝑏.
• denotes the probability that the z-score is greater than 𝛼.
• denotes the probability that the z-score is less than 𝛼.
Where 𝛼 and 𝑏 are z-score values.
DETERMINING
PROBABILITIES
With any continuous random variable, the probability of
any one exact value is 0. Thus, it follows that

It also follows that the probability of getting a score of at


most b is equal to the probability of getting a z-score of
less than b.
It is important to correctly interpret key phases such as
at most, at least, more than, no more than, and so
on.
DETERMINING
PROBABILITIES
The steps in determining areas under the normal curve:
1. Use a graphing paper to draw a normal curve.
2. Locate the given z-value or values at the baseline.
3. Draw a vertical line through these values.
4. Shade the required region. Find models, if any.
5. Consult the z-Table to find the areas that correspond to the
given z-value or values.
6. Examine the graph and use probability notation to form an
equation showing an appropriate operation to get the required
area.
7. Make a statement indicating the required area.
DETERMINING
PROBABILITIES
Case 1. The required area, as depicted by the shaded
regions under the curve in Fig. 2.8 and Fig. 2.9, are:
DETERMINING PROBABILITIES
Example 1. Find the proportion of the area above z = -1.
Solutions:

z = -1 corresponds to an area of 0.3413


The graph suggests addition. The required area is equal to 0.3413 + 0.5 =
0.8413
That is,
P (z > -1) = 0.3413 + 0.5
= 0.8413
The proportion of the area above is 0.8413
DETERMINING
PROBABILITIES
Example 2. Find the area greater than z = 1.
Solutions:

z = 1 corresponds to an area of 0.3413


The graph suggest subtraction. The required area is equal to 0.5 – 0.3413 =
0.1587.
That is,
P(z > 1) = 0.5 – 0.3413
= 0.1587
The proportion of the area greater than is 0.1587.
DETERMINING PROBABILITIES

Case 3. Models when the required area is between z1 and


z2.
DETERMINING PROBABILITIES

Let’s find the area between z= -2 and z = -1.5.


Solutions:

z = -2 corresponds to 0.4772
z = -1.5 corresponds to 0.4432.
The graph suggests subtraction. The required area is equal to 0.4772 – 0.4332
That is,
P (-2< z < -1.5) = 0.4772 – 0.4332
= 0.0440
The required area between z = -2 and z = -1.5 is 0.0440.

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