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2.9 Grid

GRID

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8 views18 pages

2.9 Grid

GRID

Uploaded by

roja1956
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MOUNT ZION COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND

TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

OGI352 GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM


IV YEAR / VII – SEMESTER
UNIT-2 SPATIAL DATA MODELS
K. ROJA, AP/CIVIL

MZCET-CIVIL-VII SEM-OGI352-GIS-UNIT 2
COURSE OUTCOMES
• Able to explain the basic concepts, principles, and
components of GIS
• Provide an introduction to the fundamental concepts,
principles, and applications of GIS technology.
• Develop proficiency in performing basic spatial analysis
operations such as buffering, overlay analysis, and spatial
querying using GIS software.
• Gain the ability to acquire, format, and manage spatial data
from different sources (e.g., GPS, remote sensing) and in
various formats (e.g., vector, raster).

MZCET-CIVIL-VII SEM-OGI352-GIS-UNIT 2
COURSE OBJECTIVE
• The main objectives collectively aim to equip
students with a solid foundation in GIS theory,
practical skills, and critical thinking abilities
necessary for applying GIS in various professional
and academic contexts.

MZCET-CIVIL-VII SEM-OGI352-GIS-UNIT 2
COURSE OUTLINE
• 2.1 Data base Structure
• 2.2 Relational and Object oriented data structure model
• 2.3 Entities ER Diagram
• 2.4 Data Models
• 2.5 Raster Data Structure And Compression
• 2.6 Vector Data Structure
• 2.7 Raster Data Model Vs Vector Data Model
• 2.8 Triangulated Irregular Network (Tin)
• 2.9 Grid Data Model

MZCET-CIVIL-VII SEM-OGI352-GIS-UNIT 2
TOPICS
• Previous class Topic
• 2.8 Triangulated Irregular Network (Tin)

• Todays class
• 2.9 Grid Data Model

MZCET-CIVIL-VII SEM-OGI352-GIS-UNIT 2
2.9
GRID
• A grid data model in a Geographic Information
System (GIS) is a raster data model that
divides geographic space into a grid of cells.

MZCET-CIVIL-VII SEM-OGI352-GIS-UNIT 2
2.9

•GRID
•A grid is a raster data storage format.
•two types of grids:
 Integer grid - Discrete data
 Floating point grid - continuous data.
•Integer grid
•Integer grid are stored in a value attribute table (VAT).
•A VAT has one record for each unique value in the grid. The
recordstores the unique value and the number
of cells in the grid represented by that value.

MZCET-CIVIL-VII SEM-OGI352-GIS-UNIT 2
2.9

•Floating point grid


• o Floating-point grids do not have a VAT
• The range of data values that can be stored as grid
values are as follows:
•Floating-point grids can store values from -3.4
x 1038 to 3.4 x 1038.
•Integer grids can store values from -
2147483648 to 2147483647
•(-231 to 231-1).
MZCET-CIVIL-VII SEM-OGI352-GIS-UNIT 2
2.9
Grid data structure
•Grids are implemented using a tiled raster data
structure in which the basic unit of data storage is
a rectangular block of cells.
•Blocks are stored on disk in compressed form in a
variable-length file structure referred to as a tile.
•Each block is stored as one variable-length
record.
•Polygons (triangles), points (nodes), and lines
(edges).
MZCET-CIVIL-VII SEM-OGI352-GIS-UNIT 2
2.9

MZCET-CIVIL-VII SEM-OGI352-GIS-UNIT 2
2.9
Grid data storage
•A grid is stored in an ArcInfo workspace.
• In aninteger grid directory the following
tablesand files are
•found:
 BND table
HDR file
STA table
VAT table
the log file (LOG)
MZCET-CIVIL-VII SEM-OGI352-GIS-UNIT 2
2.9
Storage limitations
•There is a limit to the number of files that can
be stored in an INFO directory for both
coverages and grids. This total is approximately
10,000. Therefore, this limits the number of grids
you can store in a workspace.
Fewer than 5,000 floating point grids, or
 Fewer than 3,333 integer grids, with
VATs (fewer than 5,000 if no VATs), or
Fewer than 10,000 grid stacks
MZCET-CIVIL-VII SEM-OGI352-GIS-UNIT 2
2.9
Stack
•A stack consists of an ordered set of spatially
overlapping grids (layers) treated as a single
entity for multivariate analysis.
•A stack has the following
characteristics:
• A set of layers with each layer corresponding to
a grid A map extent,
• A cell size A data type
A projection
MZCET-CIVIL-VII SEM-OGI352-GIS-UNIT 2
2.9

MZCET-CIVIL-VII SEM-OGI352-GIS-UNIT 2
2.9
No Data in a grid
•Every cell in a grid has a value assigned to it;
however, cells without actual values can be
assigned NoData on the grid.
•No Data cells cannot be used in calculating the
statistics.

MZCET-CIVIL-VII SEM-OGI352-GIS-UNIT 2
2.9
Imgrid GIS
• To represent a thematic map of land use that
contains four categories: recreation,
agriculture, industry and residence, each of
these features have to be separated out as an
individual layer.
• In the layer that represents agriculture 1 or 0
will represent the presence or absence of
crops respectively.

MZCET-CIVIL-VII SEM-OGI352-GIS-UNIT 2
2.9

• The major advantage of IMGRID is its two-


dimensional array of numbers resembling a
map-like structure. The binary character of the
information in each coverage simplifies long
computations and eliminates the need for
complex map legends.
• Since each coverage feature is uniquely
identified, there is no limitation of assigning a
single attribute value to a single grid cell.
MZCET-CIVIL-VII SEM-OGI352-GIS-UNIT 2
2.9
Reference
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vD3p1TrE
pX0

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7o01Y9b
WwFw

MZCET-CIVIL-VII SEM-OGI352-GIS-UNIT 2

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