Earth and Life Science
Quarter 2 – Module 28:
The Process of Evolution
After going through this module, you are expected to:
Explain the process of evolution;
• 1.
• 2. Identify some scientists who
contributed to the historical
developments of evolutionary
thoughts;
• 3. Compare Lamarckian and
Darwinian Evolution;
Charles Darwin
• formulated the theory of evolution
by natural selection in his book
“On the Origin of Species” in 1859.
• It refers to a change over time and
the process by which modern
organisms have descended from
ancient organisms
Mechanisms of Evolutionary
Changes
•Mechanisms of evolutionary
changes include genetic
drift, migration or gene
flow, mutation, natural
selection and nonrandom
mating.
Genetic drift
• is a change in the gene pool of a
population due to chance.
• Examples of genetic drift are
bottleneck effect and founder
effect.
• Bottleneck effect takes place when
population decreases due to various
environmental factors such as fires,
The founder effect
•happens when a small
population of organisms
separates from the larger
group to invade a new area.
Gene flow
•is described as the movement of
genes from one population to
another.
• When this happens, there is a
tendency to increase the gene
diversity in the populations.
Mutation
•occurs when there is a
change in the genetic makeup
caused by environmental
stressors.
•This process expands
diversity of organisms.
Natural selection
•explains the difference
in survival of individual
and reproduce in a
particular environment.
Nonrandom mating
•increases the frequency
of animal with desirable
traits. It causes evolution
because it intrudes the
natural pool of gene
variations.
Natural selection
• explains the difference in survival
of individual and reproduce in a
particular environment.
Nonrandom mating increases the
frequency of animal with desirable
traits. It causes evolution because
it intrudes the natural pool of gene
variations.
Lamarckian vs. Darwinian
Evolution
• According to Lamarck’s theory of
evolution, organisms change during their
lifetime to survive then pass these changes to
their offspring.
• While Darwin’s theory involves natural
selection and struggle for existence.
• When an organism is fit and can adapt to its
environment, it survives and more chance to
reproduce.
1.EVOLUTION-refers to a change over
time.
2.CHARLES DARWIN is the father of
evolution.
3.TAXONOMY is considered as father
of taxonomy.
4.Thomas Malthus believed that
populations grow geometrically while
resources slowly increase leading to
COMPETITION
