Strings in Python

String Declaration
 Strings in Python
• In python, strings can be created by enclosing the character or
the sequence of characters in the quotes.
• Python allows us to use single quotes, double quotes, or triple
quotes to create strings.
Example:
str1 = 'Hello Python'
str2 = "Hello Python"
str3 = '''Hello Python'''

• In python, strings are treated as the sequence of characters

which means that python doesn't support the character data
type instead a single character written as 'p' is treated as the
string of length 1.
String Indexing
 String Indexing in Python
• Like other programming languages, the indexing of the python
strings starts from 0. For example, the string "HELLO" is indexed
as given in the below figure.
str="HELLO"

str[0]=H
str[1]=E
str[4]=O
• Python allows negative indexing for its sequences.
• The index of -1 refers to the last item, -2 to the second last item
and so on.
str[-1]=O
str[-2]=L
str[-4]=E
String Operators
 String Operators in Python
+ It is known as concatenation operator used to join the strings.
* It is known as repetition operator. It concatenates the multiple copies
of the same string.
[] It is known as slice operator. It is used to access the sub-strings of a
particular string.
[:] It is known as range slice operator. It is used to access the characters
from the specified range.
in It is known as membership operator. It returns if a particular sub-
string is present in the specified string.

not in It is also a membership operator and does the exact reverse of in. It
returns true if a particular substring is not present in the specified
string.
r/R It is used to specify the raw string. To define any string as a raw string,
the character r or R is followed by the string. Such as "hello \n
python".
% It is used to perform string formatting. It makes use of the format
specifies used in C programming like %d or %f to map their values in
python.
 String Operators in Python cont…
Example: “stropdemo.py”
str1 = "Hello"
str2 = " World"
print(str1*3) # prints HelloHelloHello
print(str1+str2) # prints Hello world
print(str1[4]) # prints o
print(str1[2:4]) # prints ll
print('w' in str1) # prints false as w is not present in str1
print('Wo' not in str2) # prints false as Wo is present in
str2.
print(r'Hello\n world') # prints Hello\n world as it is written
print("The string str1 : %s"%(str1)) # prints The string str :
Output:
Hello python ifdemo.py
HelloHelloHello
Hello World
o
ll
False
False
Hello\n world
The string str1 : Hello
String Functions & Methods
 String Functions & Methods in Python
• Python provides various in-built functions & methods that are
used for string handling. Those are
• len() • find()
• lower() •index()
• upper() • isalnum()
• replace() • isdigit()
• join() • isnumeric()
• split() • islower()
☞ len(): • isupper()
• In python, len() function returns length of the given string.
Syntax: len(string)
Example: strlendemo.py Output:
str1="Python Language" python strlendemo.py
print(len(str1)) 15
 String Functions & Methods in Python Cont..

☞ lower ():
• In python, lower() method returns all characters of given string in
lowercase.
Syntax:
str.lower()
Example: strlowerdemo.py Output:
str1="PyTHOn" python strlowerdemo.py
print(str1.lower()) python
☞ upper ():
• In python, upper() method returns all characters of given string in uppercase.
Syntax:
str.upper()

Example: strupperdemo.py Output:

str="PyTHOn" python strupperdemo.py
print(str.upper()) PYTHON
 String Functions & Methods in Python Cont..

☞ replace()
• In python, replace() method replaces the old sequence of
characters with the new sequence.
Syntax: str.replace(old, new[, count])
Example: strreplacedemo.py
str = "Java is Object-Oriented
Java"
str2 =
str.replace("Java","Python")
print("Old String: \n",str)
print("New String: \n",str2)
str3 =
str.replace("Java","Python",1)
Output: python strreplacedemo.py
print("\n Old String: \n",str)
Old String: Java is Object-Oriented and Java
print("New String: \n",str3)
New String: Python is Object-Oriented and Python
Old String: Java is Object-Oriented and Java
New String: Python is Object-Oriented and Java
 String Functions & Methods in Python Cont..

☞ split():
• In python, split() method splits the string into a comma separated list.
The string splits according to the space if the delimiter is not provided.
Syntax: str.split([sep="delimiter"])
Example: strsplitdemo.py
str1 = "Python is a programming language"
str2 = str1.split()
print(str1);print(str2)
str1 = "Python,is,a,programming,language"
str2 = str1.split(sep=',')
print(str1);print(str2)

Output: python strsplitdemo.py

Java is a programming language
['Java', 'is', 'a', 'programming',
'language'] Java, is, a, programming,
language
['Java', 'is', 'a', 'programming',
 String Functions & Methods in Python Cont..

☞ find():
• In python, find() method finds substring in the given string and returns
index of the first match. It returns -1 if substring does not match.
Syntax: str.find(sub[, start[,end]])
Example: strfinddemo.py
str1 = "python is a programming language"
str2 = str1.find("is")
str3 = str1.find("java")
str4 = str1.find("p",5)
str5 = str1.find("i",5,25)
print(str2,str3,str4,str5)

Output:
python strfinddemo.py
7 -1 12 7
 String Functions & Methods in Python Cont..

☞ index():
• In python, index() method is same as the find() method except it returns
error on failure. This method returns index of first occurred substring
and an error if there is no match found.
Syntax: str. index(sub[, start[,end]])
Example: strindexdemo.py
str1 = "python is a programming
language"
str2 = str1.index("is")
print(str2)
str3 = str1.index("p",5)
print(str3) Output:
str4 = str1.index("i",5,25) python strindexdemo.py
print(str4) 7
str5 = str1.index("java") 12
print(str5) 7
Substring not found
 String Functions & Methods in Python Cont..

☞ isalnum():
• In python, isalnum() method checks whether the all characters of the
string is alphanumeric or not.
• A character which is either a letter or a number is known as
alphanumeric. It does not allow special chars even spaces.
Syntax: str.isalnum()
Example: straldemo.py
str1 = "python"
str2 = "python123" Output:
str3 = "12345" python straldemo.py
str4 = "python@123" True
str5 = "python 123" True
print(str1. isalnum()) True
print(str2. isalnum()) False
print(str3. isalnum()) False
print(str4. isalnum())
print(str5. isalnum())
 String Functions & Methods in Python Cont..

☞ isdigit():
• In python, isdigit() method returns True if all the characters in the string
are digits. It returns False if no character is digit in the string.
Syntax: str.isdigit()
Example: strdigitdemo.py
str1 = "12345"
str2 = "python123"
str3 = "123-45-78"
str4 = "IIIV" Output:
str5 = "/u00B23" # 23 python strdigitldemo.py
str6 = "/u00BD" # 1/2 True
print(str1.isdigit()) False
print(str2.isdigit()) False
print(str3.isdigit()) False
print(str4.isdigit()) True
print(str5.isdigit()) False
print(str6.isdigit())
 String Functions & Methods in Python Cont..

☞ isnumeric():
• In python, isnumeric() method checks whether all the characters of the
string are numeric characters or not. It returns True if all the characters
are numeric, otherwise returns False.
Syntax: str. isnumeric()
Example: strnumericdemo.py
str1 = "12345"
str2 = "python123"
str3 = "123-45-78" Output:
str4 = "IIIV" python strnumericldemo.py
str5 = "/u00B23" # 23 True
str6 = "/u00BD" # 1/2
False
print(str1.isnumeric())
print(str2.isnumeric())
False
print(str3.isnumeric()) False
print(str4.isnumeric()) True
print(str5.isnumeric()) True
print(str6.isnumeric())
 String Functions & Methods in Python Cont..

☞ islower():
• In python, islower() method returns True if all characters in the string
are in lowercase. It returns False if not in lowercase.
Syntax: str.islower()
Example: strlowerdemo.py
str1 = "python"
str2="PytHOn"
str3="python3.7.3"
print(str1.islower())
print(str2.islower())
Output:
print(str3.islower())
python strlowerldemo.py
True
False
True
 String Functions & Methods in Python Cont..

☞ isupper():
• In python string isupper() method returns True if all characters in the
string are in uppercase. It returns False if not in uppercase.
Syntax: str.isupper()
Example: strupperdemo.py
str1 = "PYTHON"
str2="PytHOn"
str3="PYTHON 3.7.3"
print(str1.isupper())
print(str2.isupper())
Output:
print(str3.isupper())
python strupperldemo.py
True
False
True