WEB

PROTOCOL
What is web protocol?
 A web protocol is a set of rules that helps devices
and applications communicate with each other
over the internet.
These protocols define how data is transmitted,
received, and processed between different devices
and applications connected to the internet.
 Web protocols are important because they make it
possible for us to access websites, send emails, and
transfer data over the internet.
Types Of Web Protocols
1.Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

2.Internet Protocol (IP)

3.User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

4.Post office Protocol (POP)

5.Simple mail transport Protocol (SMTP)

6.File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

7.Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

8.Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS)

9.Telnet

10.Gopher
 Transmission Control Protocol
(TCP)
 TCP is a popular communication protocol which is used for communicating
over a network.
 It divides any message into series of packets that are sent from source to
destination and there it gets reassembled at the destination.
 User Datagram Protocol
(UDP)
 UDP is a substitute communication protocol to Transmission Control Protocol.

 It is implemented primarily for creating loss-tolerating and low-latency

linking between different applications.
 Connectionless protocol

Used for transmission of data

Faster than TCP

 Internet Protocol
(IP)
 IP is designed explicitly as addressing protocol.

 It is mostly used with TCP. The IP addresses in packets help in routing them
through different nodes in a network until it reaches the destination
system.
 Each device that is connected to the internet has a unique IP address, that
can be used for identification
 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
(SMTP)
 SMTP is designed to send and distribute outgoing E-Mail
 Post office Protocol
(POP)
 POP3 is designed for receiving incoming E-mails.
 File Transfer Protocol
(FTP)
FTP allows users to transfer files from one machine to another.

Types of files may include program files, multimedia files, text files, and
documents, etc.
 Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
(HTTP)
 HTTP is designed for transferring a hypertext among two or more systems.

 HTML tags are used for creating links. These links may be in any form like text
or images.
 HTTP is designed on Client-server principles which allow a client system for
establishing a connection with the server machine for making a request.
 The server acknowledges the request initiated by the client and responds
accordingly.
 Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
Secure (HTTPS)
HTTP is a standard protocol to secure the communication
among two computers one using the browser and other
fetching data from web server.
 HTTP is used for transferring data between the client browser
(request) and the web server (response) in the hypertext
format, same in case of HTTPS except that the transferring of
data is done in an encrypted format.
 So it can be said that https thwart hackers from interpretation
or modification of data throughout the transfer of packets.
 Terminal Network
(Telnet)
Telnet is a set of rules designed for connecting one system with another.
The connecting process here is termed as remote login.
The system which requests for connection is the local computer, and the system
which accepts the connection is the remote computer.
 Gopher
 Gopher is a collection of rules implemented for searching, retrieving as well
as displaying documents from isolated sites.
 Gopher also works on the client/server principle.
URL

URL is the abbreviation of Uniform Resource Locator. It is the resource

address on the internet. The URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is created by Tim
Berners-Lee and the Internet Engineering working group in 1994. URL is the
character string (address) which is used to access data from the internet. The URL
is the type of URI (Uniform Resource Identifier).

URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator. Any internet location available on the
server is called a web URL, web address, or website. Each website or webpage
has a unique address called URL. e.g., the website of geeksforgeeks website has
an address or URL called https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/
 URL
A URL contains the following information which is listed below:

• Protocol name

• A colon followed by double forward-slash (://)

• Hostname (domain name) or IP address

• A colon followed by port number (optional – unless specified otherwise, “:80” is the default
when using HTTP, and “:443” is the default when using HTTPS)

• Path of the file

• type: It specifies the type of the server in which the file is located.

• address: It specifies the address or location of the internet server.

• path: It specifies the location of the file on the internet server.

Syntax of URL:
protocol://hostname/filename
Protocol: A protocol is the standard set of rules that are used to allow
electronic devices to communicate with each other.
Hostname: It describes the name of the server on the network.
Filename: It describes the pathname to the file on the server.
Types of URL:
URL gives the address of files created for webpages or other documents like an
image, pdf for a doc file, etc.

There are two types of URLs:

◦ Absolute URL
◦ Relative URL
Absolute URL
This type of URL contains both the domain name and directory/page path. An absolute URL gives
complete location information. It begins with a protocol like “http://” and continues, including
every detail. An absolute URL typically comes with the following syntax.
Syntax:
protocol://domain/path
For web browsing, absolute URLs are types in the address bar of a web browser. For example, if it is
related to our project page link on geeksforgeeks website, the URL should be mentioned as
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/computer-science-projects/ this gives the complete information about
the file location path.
Note: The protocol may be of the following types.
http://, https://, ftp://, gopher://, etc.
Relative URL
This type of URL contains the path excluding the domain name. Relative means “in relation to”, and a
relative URL tells a URL location on terms of the current location. Relative path is used for reference
to a given link of a file that exist within the same domain.
Let us assume a web developer setting up a webpage and want to link an image called
“geeksforgeeks.jpg”.
<img src="geeksforgeeks.jpg">
It would internally be interpreted like the following.
<img src="./geeksforgeeks.jpg">
The dot(.) before the “/” in the src attribute is a “special character”. It means the location should be
started from the current directory to find the file location.
Web - Domain Names
A domain name is the part of your Internet address that comes after "www". For
example, in Tutorialspoint.com the domain name is tutorialspoint.com.

A domain name becomes your Business Address so care should be taken to select
a domain name. Your domain name should be easy to remember and easy to
type.
How to Get a Domain Name?
When you plan to put a site online, this is one of the important steps to buy a
domain name. This is always not necessary that whatever domain name you are
looking that is available so in that case you will have to opt for any other good
domain name.

When you buy a domain name it is registered and when domain names are
registered they are added to a large domain name register, and information about
your site − including your Internet IP address is stored on a DNS server and your
contact information etc. is registered with your registrar.
 Domain Extension Types
There are many types of domain extensions you can choose for your domain name. This depends on your
business nature.

For example, if you are going to register a domain name for education purpose then you can
choose .edu extension.

Below is a reference of the correct usage of certain extensions. But there is no hard and fast rule to go for any
extension. Most commonly used is .com

• .com − Stands for company/commercial, but it can be used for any website.

• .net − Stands for network and is usually used for a network of sites.

• .org − Stands for organization and is supposed to be for non-profit bodies.

• .us, .in − They are based on your country names so that you can go for country specific domain extensions

• .biz − A newer extension on the Internet and can be used to indicate that this site is purely related to
business.

• .info − Stands for information. This domain name extension can be very useful, and as a new comer it's doing
well.
Choosing a Domain Name
The domain name will be your business address. Hence, it is imperative that you choose the
domain name with utmost care.

Many people think it is important to have keywords in a domain. Keywords in the domain
name are usually important, but it usually can be done while keeping the domain name
short, memorable, and free of hyphens.

Using keywords in your domain name gives you a strong competitive advantage over your
competitors. Having your keywords in your domain name can increase click through rates
on search engine listings and paid ads as well as make it easier to using your keywords in
get keyword rich descriptive inbound links.
What are Sub-Domains
You can divide your domain into many sub domains based on your requirement. If
you are doing multiple business using the same domain, then it would be useful
to have sub-domains for every business. Following are examples of some sub-
domains −

You must have seen google.com as a main domain but google has created many
subdomains based on their business. Some of them are as follows −
•adwords.google.com − This sub domain is being used for Google Adwords.

•groups.google.com − This sub domain is being used for Google Groups.

•images.google.com − This sub domain is being used for Google Images.