UNIT VI – GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING

GUIDANCE
 GUIDANCE
• Guidance means to direct, to point out and to
show the path
• Assistance or help rendered by more
experienced person to solve certain problems
of the individual i.e. educational , vocational,
personal etc
 DEFINITION
• Guidance is the process of helping young
persons learn to adjust to self , to others and
to circumstances.

- Jones
• Guidance is a process through which an
individual is able to solve their problem and
pursue a path suited to their abilities and
aspirations - J M Brewer
 PURPOSES OF GUIDANCE
 It provide the needed information and

assistance
▪ Help the individual to make choices

▪ It improves the understanding of self

▪ Help in adapting to a new environment

▪ Make the individuals self sufficient and

independent
▪ Help the individuals in the efficient use of
capabilities and talents

▪ Promote optimal personal and professional

adjustment
▪ Help in balance of psychological, emotional,
physical, social and spiritual growth of
individuals
 SCOPE OF GUIDANCE
▪ The scope of guidance is too wide. In the words
of Crow and Crow, “Guidance touches every
aspect of an individual’s personality- physical,
mental, emotional and social.
▪ It is concerned with all aspects of an individual’s
attitudes and behavior patterns.
▪ It seeks to help the individual to integrate all of
his activities in terms of his basic potentialities
and environmental opportunities.”
▪ The present contemporary society is becoming
more and more complex day-by- day.
▪ As a result of this, the needs and problems of
individuals are also increasing with the
increasing complexity of the society.
▪ This situation heavily demands an organized
programme of guidance.
▪ Hence the scope of guidance covers all the types
of Guidance
 NEED FOR GUIDANCE
• Educational need:- a great need of guidance is required in

the field of education because the students have to face

problems in:
❖ To select subjects of course.
❖ To select co curricular activities.
❖ To select books.
❖ To organize time and work.
❖ To build social relationships.
❖ To make satisfactory progress and adjustments in
school.
• Vocational need:- The vocational guidance is
essential for helping the individual to know
himself, for knowing the world of work,
adequate information about jobs, skills and
opportunities for making a right choice in the
vocation according to his abilities, interest
and aptitudes and to obtain jobs in their
chosen field.
Psychological need:- guidance is required from
psychological and social point of view.

▪ Youth of 20th century is subjected to have

much greater emotional strain in home and in
community than the youth of 19th century.

▪ The number of problem children, delinquent

children, backward and maladjusted children
has been increasing.
• Social need : Society is becoming more
complex because many changes have occurred
in the entire structure of our economic, social
and political system.
• Breaking joint family system – is becoming
rare and homes are getting disintegrated
• There is growing tendency – on the part of the
youth for selecting their own partners
∙ Employment of women: women enter field
occupations in large numbers and their children
are deprived of maternal care and satisfaction.
∙ Lack of guidance at home:- in earlier times the
vocational efficiency and training was given at
home. But this is not possible in modern times.
Hence responsibility of the schools and colleges
gets increased to meet the need of guidance.
PRINCIPLES OF GUIDANCE
1. GUIDANCE IS HOLISTIC
• helps in overall development of an individual
– physical , mental, social, spiritual,
vocational etc
2. All individuals are unique

3. Guidance is for all students – should not be limited

to a few but should be extended to all students

4. Guidance should be regarded as a continuing

process

5. Guidance is counsel and not compulsion – flexible

approach , self directive
6. Guidance is integrative – for the development
of an integrated personality

7. Guidance involves using skills – Skilled

process

8. Guidance is based on individual needs – based

on freedom, respect and dignity

9. Guidance is based on co-operation

10. Guidance demand trained personnel –

competent
11. Flexibility – Guidance should be flexible
according to the individual and community
needs

12 . Recognition of individual differences and

dignity
 TYPES OF GUDANCE
EDUCATIONAL GUIDANCE
• Educational guidance refer to the guidance of
the students in all aspect of education.
• The emphasis is on providing assistance to
students to perform satisfactory in their
academic work, overcome learning difficulties,
improve levels of motivation and use
institutional resources optimally.
 VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE
• One of the main aims of education is to give
maximum help in one’s professional life. If
vocational aim of education is not fulfilled
then education becomes worthless.
• So there should be organized programme
for providing vocational guidance in school.
 PERSONAL GUIDANCE
• Personal guidance refers to the guidance offered to
students for enabling them to adjust themselves to
their own environment so that they become efficient
citizens.
• Emotional instability is a characteristics of
adolescents and this is often the cause of many of their
personal problems.
• Personal guidance will help them to solve these
problems.
• Help student to improve mental health
• Assist students to understand and resolve their
emotional problems . Assist students to deal
with the difficulties of personal as well as
academic life
• help student to develop interpersonal skills

• Assist the students to overcome the times of

turmoil and confusion
 SOCIAL GUIDANCE
• Social guidance enables the students to make
substantial contributions to the society,
leadership, confirm to the social norms, work
as team members, develop healthy and
positive attitudes, appreciate the problem of
society, respect the opinions of others and
friendships.
AVOCATIONAL GUIDANCE
• Avocational guidance is the assistance to be
provided to students to spend their available
leisure time profitably. Activities and
programme outside the formal classrooms
provide many opportunities for the
blossoming the talents of students.
 HEALTH GUIDANCE
• Health guidance implies the assistance rendered to
students for maintaining sound physical and mental
health.
▪ FUNCTIONS
∙ Conduct periodic health checkups of students and
maintain the health records.
∙ Motivate students to take food regularly.
∙ Supervision of college facilities such as hostels and

canteen to see that healthful condition is maintained.

 FINANCIAL GUIDANCE
• The function of financial guidance is to help
the needy students in determining the
financial assistance they need in the light of
the expected expenses and to get it from
financial organization after completing the
formalities