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Introdution to HTML Week2

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Introdution to HTML Week2

Uploaded by

josephmacoy52
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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WEB-BASED

CONCEPTS
AND
TECHNOLOGIES
Introduction to HTML
HTML CONTENTS

• INTRODUCTION OF HTML

• OBJECTIVE OF HTML

• WORLD WIDE WEB

• HTML TOOLS

• HTML TERMINOLGY

• HOW TO CREATE AN HTML DOCUMENT

• S A V I N G A N D V I E W I N G A H T M L DOCUMENT

• TEXT TEGS

• SPECIAL CHARTACTER

• ADVANTAGES OF HTML

• DISADVANTAGES OF HTML
INTRODUCTION OF HTML

• HTML is a language for describing web pages.


• HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
• HTML is not a programming language, it is
a markup language
• A markup language is a set of markup tags
• HTML uses markup tags to describe web
pages
INTRODUCTION OF HTML

• HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is used to create


document on the World Wide Web. It is simply a
collection of certain key words called ‘Tags’ that are
helpful in writing the document to be displayed using
a browser on Internet.
• It is a platform independent language
that can be used on any platform such as
Windows, Linux, Macintosh, and so on.
• To display a document in web it is
essential to mark-up the different
elements ( h e a d i n g s , paragraphs,
tables, a n d so on ) of t h e
document with the HTML tags.
• To view a mark-up document u s e r h a s
to open the document in a
browser.
• A b r o w s e r understands and interpret
the HTML tags, identifies the structure of
the document (which part are which) and
makes decision about presentation (how
the parts look) of the document.
• HTML also provides tags to make the
document look attractive using
graphics, font size and colors.
• User can make a link to the other
document or the different section of
the same document by creating
Hypertext Links also known as
Hyperlinks
OBJECTIVE OF HTML

• Create, Save and View a HTML document


• Format a web page using section heading
tags
• Describe Ordered and Unordered lists
• Explain Graphics in HTML document
• Describe hypertext links and making
text/image link
WORLD WIDE WEB

• The World Wide Web (abbreviated as WWW, W3


or the Web)is a system of
interlinked hypertext documents accessed via
the Internet.
• With a web browser, one can view web pages that
may contain text, images, videos, and
other multimedia and navigate between them
via hyperlinks.
HTML TOOLS

• There are two tools of HTML.


a)HTML Editor: it is the program that one uses to create
and save HTML documents. They fall into two
categories:
- Text based or code based which allows one to see the
HTML code as one is creating a document.e.g. Notepad.
- Netscape composer
HTML TOOLS CONT.

b) Web Browser: it is the program that


one uses to view and test the HTML
documents. They translate Html
encoded files into text,image,sounds
and other features user see.
HTML TOOLS CONT.

• Microsoft Internet Explorer


• Netscape, Mozilla Firefox
• Google Chrome
are examples of browsers that enables user to view text
and images and many more other World Wide Web
features.
They are software that must be installed on user computer.
HTML TERMINOLGY

• Some commonly used terms in HTML are:


• a)Tag: Tags are always written within angles
brackets. it is a piece of text is used to identify an
element so that the browser realizes how to display
its contents.
• e.g.<HTML> tag indicates the start of an HTML
document .HTML tag can be two types. They are:-
HTML TERMINOLGY CONT.

• Some commonly used terms in HTML are:


• -Paired Tags :A tag is said to be a paired tag if text is
placed between a tag and its companions tag. In
paired tag ,the first tag is referred to as opening tag
and the second tag is referred to as closing tag.
• -Unpaired Tags: An unpaired tag does not have a
companion tag .unpaired tag also known as singular or
Stand-Alone tags.e.g:<br>,<hr> etc.
HTML TERMINOLGY CONT.

b) Attribute: Attribute
is the property of an tag that
specified in the opening angle brackets. It
supplies additional information like color,
size, home font-style etc to the browser
about a tag. E.g. most of the common
attributes are height, color, width, src,
border, align etc.
HTML TERMINOLGY CONT.

c) DTD: Document Type Definition is a collection of rules


written in standard Generalized Markup
Language(SGML). HTML is define in terms of its DTDS.
All the details of HTML tags, entities and related
document structure are defined in the DTDS.
d) ELEMENT: Element is the component of a document’s
structure such as a title, a paragraph or a list. It can
include an opening and a closing tag and the contents
within it.
HOW TO CREATE AN HTML DOCUMENT

• The essential tags that are required to create a


HTML document are:
• <HTML>.............</HTML>
• <HEAD>.............</HEAD>
• <BODY>.............</BODY>
HTML TAG <HTML>
• The <HTML> tag encloses all other HTML tags and associated text
within your document. It is an optional tag. You can create an
HTML document that omits these tags, and your browser can still
read it and display it. But it is always a good form to include the
start and stop tags.
• The format is: <HTML>

Your Title and Document (contains text with HTML tags) goes here
• </HTML>

Most HTML tags have two parts, an opening tag and closing tag. The
closing tag is the same as the opening tag, except for the slash
mark e.g. </HTML>. The slash mark is always used in closing tags.
AN HTML DOCUMENT HAS TWO DISTINCT PARTS HEAD & BODY

• <HTML>
• <HEAD>
• .............
• </HEAD>
• <BODY>
• .............
• </BODY>
• </HTML>
HEAD TAG <HEAD>

• HEAD tag comes after the HTML start tag. It contains


TITLE tag to give the document a title that displays on
the browsers title bar at the top. The Format is:
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Your title goes here
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
BODY TAG <BODY>
• The BODY tag contains all the text and graphics of the document with
all the HTML tags that are used for control and formatting of the page.
• The Format is:

<BODY>
Your Document goes here
</BODY>
An HTML document, web page can be created using a text editor,
Notepad or WordPad. All the HTML documents should have the
extension .htm or html.
It require a web browser like Internet Explorer or Netscape
Navigator/Communicator to view the document.
ATTRIBUTES USED WITH
<BODY>
• BGCOLOR: u s e d t o s e t t h e b a c k g r o u n d c o l o r f o
r t h e document
• Example:
<BODY BGCOLOR="yellow">
Your document text goes here.
</BODY>
• TEXT: used to set the colour of the text of the document. Example:
<BODY TEXT="red">Introduction to HTML:: 77
Document text changed to red color
</BODY>
Document text changed to red color
ATTRIBUTES USED WITH
<BODY>
• MARGINS: set the left hand/right hand margin of the document.
• LEFTMARGIN: set the left hand margin of the document.
• Example:

<BODY LEFTMARGIN="60">
This document is indented 60 pixels from the left hand side of the
page.
</BODY>
• TOPMARGIN: set the left hand margin of the document Example:

<BODY TOPMARGIN="60">
This document is indented 60 pixels from the top of the page.
</BODY>
ATTRIBUTES USED WITH
<BODY>
• BACKGROUND: It is used to point to an image file (the
files with an extension .gif, .jpeg) that will be used as
the background of the document. The image file will be
tiled across the document.
• Example:
<BODY BACKGROUND="filename. if">
Your document text goes here
</BODY>
FOLLOW THE STEPS TO CREATE AND VIEW IN
BROWSER
• Step-1: O p e n t e x t e d i t o r N o t e p a d
• Step-2: Enter the following lines of code:
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
My first Page
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
WELCOME TO MY FIRST WEB PAGE
</BODY>
</HTML>
SAVING AND VIEWING A HTML
DOCUMENT

• Step-3: Save the file as myfirstpage.html


• Step-4: Viewing document in web browser
TEXT TEGS

• Text tag are dividing into two categories as:


-Character-level tags and attributes which
applies to formatting of individual letters or
words.
-Paragraph level tags and attributes which apply
=To formatting of sections of text.
CHARACTER FORMATTING TAG

• The character formatting tags are used to


specify how a particular text should be
displayed on the screen to distinguish certain
characters within the document.
THE MOST COMMON CHARACTER FORMATTING
TAGS ARE
• Boldface <B>: displays text in BOLD
Example: Welcome to the <B> Internet World </B>
Output: Welcome to the Internet World
• Italics <I>: displays text in Italic
Example: Welcome to the <I> Internet World </I>
Output: Welcome to the Internet World
THE MOST COMMON CHARACTER FORMATTING TAGS
ARE

• Subscript <SUB>: displays text in Subscript


• Superscript <SUP>: displays text in Superscript
• Small <SMALL>: displays text in smaller font as
compared to normal font
• Big <BIG>: displays text in larger font as compared to
normal font
• Underline<U>specifies that the enclosed text be underline
Example:<U> hello</u>
Output: hello
FONT COLORS AND
SIZE:<FONT>
• By using <FONT> Tag one can specify the colors, size of the text.
Example:
<FONT> Your text goes here </FONT>
Attributes of <FONT> are:
- COLOR: Sets the color of the text that will appear on the
screen. It can be set by giving the value as #rr0000 for red (in RGB
hexadecimal format), or by name. Example: <FONT
COLOR="RED"> Your text goes here </FONT>
FONT COLOURS AND
•
SIZE:<FONT
SIZE: Sets the size of the text, takes value between 1 and
7, default is 3. Size can also be set relative to default size
Example: SIZE=+X, where X is any integer value and it will
add with the default size.
• Example:
<FONT SIZE=5> Font Size changes to 5 </FONT>
• FACE: Sets the normal font type, provided it is installed on
the user’s machine.
• Example:
• <FONT FACE="ARIAL"> the text will be displayed in
Arial</FONT>
AN HTML DOCUMENT FORMAT TEXT.HTML SHOWS THE
USE OF CHARACTER FORMATTING TAGS. (FULL TEXT)
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Use of Character Formatting Text Tags
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1><I> Welcome to the world of Internet</I></H1>
It is a
<FONT COLOR="BLUE" SIZE="4">
<U>Network of Networks</U>
</FONT>
</BODY>
</HTML>
AN HTML DOCUMENT FORMAT TEXT.HTML SHOWS THE
USE OF CHARACTER FORMATTING TAGS.
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Use of Character Formatting Text Tags
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
AN HTML DOCUMENT FORMAT TEXT.HTML SHOWS THE
USE OF CHARACTER FORMATTING TAGS.
<HTML>
<BODY>
<H1><I> Welcome to the world of Internet</I></H1>
It is a
<FONT COLOR="BLUE" SIZE="4">
<U>Network of Networks</U>
</FONT>
</BODY>
</HTML>
OUTPUT

Welcome to the world of Internet

It is a Network of Networks
MARQUEE TAG

• This tag is used text horizontally across the


screen.it is mainly used to deliver a specfic
message to the visitor or to scroll Ads on a
page.
• Example: <marquee> hello
world></marquee>
ATTRIBUTES OF MARQUEE TAG

• Bgcolor : Sets the background color of the marquee.


• Direction :Sets the direction of the marquee box to
either left-to-right, right-to-left, up-to-down
and down-to-up.
• Width: This sets how wide the marquee should be.
• Loop: This sets how many times the marquee should
'Loop' its text. Each trip counts as one loop.
PARAGRAPH FORMATTING TAG

• Paragraph level formatting applies to


formatting of an entire portion of text
unlike character level tags where only
individual letters or words are formatted.
THE MOST COMMON PARAGRAPH
FORMATTING TAGS ARE
• Using paragraph tag: <P>
T h i s t a g < P > i n d i c a t e s a p a r a g r a p h ,u s e
d t o s e p a r a t e two paragraphs with a blank line.
• Example:
<P> Welcome to the world of HTML </P>
<P> First paragraph. Text of First paragraph goes here</P>
• Output:
Welcome to the world of HTML
First paragraph. Text of First paragraph goes her
USING LINE BREAK TAG: <BR>
• The empty tag <BR> is used, where the text
needs to start from a new line and not continue
on the same line. To get every sentence on a
new line, it is necessary to use a line break.
• Example:

<BODY>Koforidua Technical University<BR>


Box 981<BR>
Koforidua, E/R.</BODY>
• Output:

Koforidua Technical University Box 981, Koforidua, E/R.


USING PREFORMATTED TEXT TAG: <PRE>
• <PRE> tag can be used, where it requires total control over s p a c i n g a
nd line breaks such as typing a poem. Browser
preserves your space and line break in the text written inside the tag.
• Example:
<PRE>
Koforidua Technical University
Box 981,
Koforidua, E/R
</PRE>
• Output:
Koforidua Technical University
Box 981,
Koforidua, E/R
AN HTML DOCUMENT CONTROL.HTML SHOWS
THE USE OF <P>, <BR> AND <PRE>

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Use of Paragraph, Line break and preformatted text Tag
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
HTML Tutorial
<P>
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language
It is used for creating web page. It is very simple
and easy to learn.
AN HTML DOCUMENT CONTROL. HTML SHOWS
THE USE OF <P>, <BR> AND <PRE>
(CONTINUATION)
</P>
<P>
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language.<BR>
It is used for creating web page. It is very simple<BR>
and easy to learn.<BR>
</P>
<PRE>
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language
It is used for creating web page. It is very simple
and easy to learn.
</PRE>
</BODY>
</HTML>
OUTPUT
• HTML Tutorial

HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language.


It is used for creating web page.
It is very simple and easy to learn.
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language.
It is used for creating web page. It is very
simple and easy to learn.
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language. It is used for creating
web page. It is very simple and easy to learn.
USING HORIZONTAL RULE TAG:
<HR>
• An empty tag <HR> basically used to draw lines and horizontal
rules. It can be used to separate two sections of text.
• Example:
<BODY>
Your horizontal rule goes here. <HR>
The rest of the text goes here.
</BODY>
• Output:
Your horizontal rule goes here.
The rest of the text goes her
<HR> ACCEPTS FOLLOWING
• SIZE:ATTRIBUTES
Determines the thickness of the horizontal rule. The value is
given as a pixel value.
Example: <HR SIZE="3">
• WIDTH: Specifies an exact width of HR in pixels, or arelative width
as percentage of the document width.
Example: <HR WIDTH="50%">, horizontal rule a width a 50 percent
of the page width.
• ALIGN: Set the alignment of the rule to LEFT, RIGHT and CENTER.
It is applicable if it is not equal to width of the page.
• NOSHADE: If a solid bar is required, this attribute is used; it
specifies that the horizontal rule should not be shaded at all.
<HR> ACCEPTS FOLLOWING ATTRIBUTES
CONT.

• COLOR: Set the color of the Horizontal rule.


Example: <HR COLOR="BLUE“>
Example of <HR> with its attribute:
<HR ALIGN=' 'CENTER' ' WIDTH=' '50%' ' SIZE=' '3" NOSHADE
COLOR="BLUE“>
HEADING:
<H1>.............<H6>TAGS

HTML has six header tags <H1>, <H2>...........<H6> used to specify


section headings. Text with header tags is displayed in larger and
bolder fonts than the normal body text by a web browser.
Every .header leaves a blank line above and below it when
displayed in browse.
EXAMPLE: AN HTML DOCUMENT, HEADINGS.HTML
SHOWS THE DIFFERENT SECTION HEADINGS
.
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Section Heading
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1> This is Section Heading 1 </H1>
<H2> This is Section Heading 2 </H2>
<H3> This is Section Heading 3 </H3>
EXAMPLE: AN HTML DOCUMENT, HEADINGS.HTML
SHOWS THE DIFFERENT SECTION HEADINGS CONT.

<H4> This is Section Heading 4 </H4>


<H5> This is Section Heading 5 </H5>
<H6> This is Section Heading 6 </H6>
</BODY>
</HTML>
VIEWING OUTPUT OF HTML DOCUMENT
HEADINGS .HTML IN BROWSE

This is Section Heading 1


This is Section Heading 2
This is Section Heading 3

This is Section Heading 4


This is Section Heading 5
This is Section Heading 6
SPECIAL CHARTACTER

• There are certain special characters that can be used while


creating document.Following are some special character:
• Symbols Entity
©, ® &copy, &reg
¼, ½, ¾ &frac14, &frac12, &frac34
÷, <, >, ≤,≥ &divide, &lt, &gt, &le, &ge
& &amp
♣♠♥ &spades, &clubs, &hearts
All these special character must be ended with a semicolon;
EXAMPLE:

<PRE>
The copyright symbol is: &COPY;
The registered rank is: &REG;
</PRE>
• Output:
The copyright symbol is:©
The registered rank is:®
ADVANTAGES OF HTML

• Easy to use
• Loose syntax (although, being too flexible will not comply with
standards).
• Supported on almost every browser, if not all browsers.
• Widely used; established on almost every website, if not all websites.
• Very similar to XML syntax, which is increasingly used for data storage.
• Free - You need not buy any software.
• Easy to learn & code even for novice programmers.
DISADVANTAGES OF HTML

• It cannot produce dynamic output alone, since it is a static


language
• Sometimes, the structuring of HTML documents is hard to grasp
• You have to keep up with deprecated tags, and make sure not to
use them
• Deprecated tags appear because another language that works
with HTML has replaced the original work of the tag; thus the
other language needs to be learned (most of the time, it is CSS)
• Security features offered by HTML are limited

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