UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
COMPUTER SCIENCE ENGINEERING
Bachelor of Engineering (Computer Science & Engineering)
Subject Name: Internet of Things (IoT)
Subject Code: 20CST357
INTERNET OF THINGS DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER
Internet of Things
Course Outcomes:
1. Analyze the basic terminologies associated with IoT and
use it.
2. Justify the applications of internet of things and correlate
them.
3. Compare different objects and communication strategies
and also able to see the issues raised by communication
strategies in IoT.
4. Examine the protocols required for communication and
packet size required for each application.
5. Illustrate security issues with IoT like security, privacy,
communication standard and some other legal issues. 2
UNIT 1
CHAPTER 2
IoT Applications for Industry
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Internet of
Things
• Value Creation and
Challenges.
• IoT Today.
• IoT as a Network of Networks
• Why is IoT Important
• IoT: Critical for human
progression
• Challenges and barriers to
IoT.
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Value Creation and Challenges (CO3)
Value can be generated and may show up as a result of a combination of IoT applications with
other systems or processes, or can originate in new human behavior or new interactions.
An IoT enabled supply chain allows complete transparency throughout the chain, allowing
individual businesses to make purchase and schedule decisions based on demand down the
line. IoT's sensing and decision-making capability can also allow you to regulate power
consumption based on usage.
The IoT value chain illustrates how the different components, in combination with one another
or separately, add value to the overall IoT solution and, in turn, for the end user. Furthermore,
each component is developed by a range of companies, some of which play several roles in the
IoT value chain.
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5 value creation layers of an IoT Application:
Layer 1 – Physical Thing
Layer 2 – Sensor / Actor
Layer 3 – Connectivity
Layer 4 – Analytics
Layer 5 – Digital Service
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Crucial Elements For IoT (CO3)
1. Low-cost and low-power sensor technology
2. Connectivity
3. Platforms for cloud computing
4. Connectivity
5. Cross-platform capability
6. Data processing
7. Need for skill set
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Challenges in IoT (CO-3)
1 Security Challenges
2 Lack of encryption
3 Lack of sufficient testing and updating
4 Weak login details
5 Design challenges
6 Battery sizes
7 System Security
8 Increment in cost
9 Timing of launch
10 Deployment challenges
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IoT Today (CO-2)
The Internet of Things (IoT) describes the network of physical objects—“things”—that are
embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies for the purpose of connecting and
exchanging data with other devices and systems over the internet.
Currently, the applications of IoT cover adverse areas including manufacturing or the industrial
sector, agriculture, health sector, smart cities, security, and emergency services among many
others.
With IoT, Companies can automate processes and save labor costs. It also reduces waste and
improves service delivery, making it cheaper to manufacture and deliver goods and ensuring
transparency in customer transactions.
The Next Generation Internet of Things (NGIoT) initiative is a growing community of projects
and related initiatives at work to maximise the power of IoT made in Europe. NGIoT works to
lower the barrier for adoption and development of IoT-empowered solutions, by supporting
business models, innovation and skills.
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IoT Tech Trends:
1. Remote Monitoring
2. Modular Smart Technologies Solutions
3. Data Analysis
4. Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Visual Inspection
5. Advanced Networks
6. Smart Buildings, Smart Cities
7. Digital Twins
8. Fintech
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IoT as Network of Networks (CO3)
An IoT network refers to a collection of devices such as sensors, gadgets, appliances, and
software that communicate with each other and exchange information and data without the
need for human intervention.
The Internet is called a network of networks because it is a global network of computers that
are linked together by cables and telephone lines making communication possible among
them. It can be defined as a global network over a million smaller heterogeneous computer
networks.
The internet of things, or IoT, is a system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical and
digital machines, objects, animals or people that are provided with unique identifiers (UIDs)
and the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-
to-computer interaction.
The simplest way of explaining the Internet is to call it "the network of networks." It's the
connection of computer networks around the world into one entity, so to speak. It's not one
big computer, but rather numerous networked computers connected together.
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But when it comes to evaluating what type of network connectivity is
best for a given IoT solution, it can feel like there are an overwhelming
number of options. Cellular, satellite, WiFi, Bluetooth, RFID, NFC,
LPWAN, and Ethernet are all possible ways to connect a sensor/device.
Some remarkable examples of networks are The World Wide Web, The
Internet, Power line and airline networks, Citation networks, Language
networks, Food webs, Economic networks, Metabolic and protein
networks.
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TYPES OF IoT NETWORKS
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7 LAYERS OF IoT
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Why IoT is Important (CO2)
All devices that allow to gather information or to interact with other products become
popular in a short period of time. Wouldn’t you like to program your laundry machine from
your phone to do the laundry while you are at the supermarket?
Wouldn’t you want to get insights on how to improve your running performance thanks to
smart devices attached to your body?
The Internet of Things reduces human effort for many activities, and provides tons of
information. When people have data, they feel more in control of every aspect that surrounds
them.
These technologies have also become more popular because of product prototype
development. If an entrepreneur comes up with a great idea for an IoT product, that person
can look for a company that makes prototypes, and build it with an affordable budget.
Of course, the IoT device will succeed if there is a market or problem that needs to be solved.
The entrepreneur shares his vision, and the prototyping company does the rest with a
professional engineering team that builds the machine or product.
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Importance of IoT
1. Better life quality: Smartphones are an important part of daily life. People rely on these
devices to do almost any task; from answering the phone to sending emails.
Communication is something that improves the quality of life. And the IoT devices allow
that.
2. Automation of processes: Turning on the lights. Opening the garage door. Adjusting the
thermostat. Doing laundry. Ordering medicine. Buying groceries. Counting your burned
calories during exercise. What do all these things have in common? These are activities that
can be automated. Thanks to IoT devices, you could control these tasks and automate them.
By installing sensors at home, you could turn on the lights from your phone, or adjust them
from your app to activate at night when there is movement inside the room.
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3. Data-driven decisions: Sean Covey, a recognized writer said, “we are free to choose our
paths, but we can’t choose the consequences that come with them.” Everything in life is about
decisions. IoT is important for many people because it opens up the possibility of making
decisions based on the collected data.
4. Real time monitoring: These devices would have the ability to keep an eye out on the current
quality of goods at home. Knowing the state of your items will allow a homeowner to know
when they need to replace an item, without them having to consistently check the quality
themselves. According to Markets and Markets, “The IoT based Asset Tracking and Monitoring
market is projected to grow from USD 3.9 billion in 2022 to USD 6.6 billion by 2027.”
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Need of IoT in different areas:
1. Smart Energy.
2. Smart Agriculture.
3. Retail.
4. Industrial level.
5. Mobility.
6. Health.
7. Smart Water.
8. Waste Management.
9. Home.
10.Sports.
11.Smart Buildings.
12.Logistics.
13.Environment.
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IoT: Critical for Human Progression (CO2)
Applying Internet of Things in a particular country or cities is a big help imagine using unique
centralized system that can minimize traffic, detect crime easily or even accident can be
detected in a real time with a fast response from the respective supports. It can also help
strengthen our economy through machines that works autonomously without needing human
intervention. All the other support will greatly describe things that are made possible by the
IoT. So Connected Home, Car, Mobile Phones, and other appliances and device that can be
connected a network in some way. Think of if a world of urbanized and industrialized equipped
with those technologies that is interconnected together can simply help us in all our day to day
activity. Even doing a laundry while doing a multi tasking activity at work and at home can be
done simultaneously using this type of technology. We need to decide how much in favor of this
advancement will control us . IoT improves the quality of life.
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IoT can also solve major problems like Security Management that use sim cards or chips that
can act as a sensors such as clothing with biometric sensors, facial recognition, footprint
sensors, and more to increase the security of homes, offices, and buildings so with these
trends it can minimize security problems like robbery or even murder. Another good thing with
the IoT is can also interconnect with hospital equipment for health emergencies for example a
patient with a heart ailment connected directly to the hospital can easily be addressed and
save lives even in Road Traffic can minimized congested path by using an IoT sim cards such as
traffic lights, smartphones, cars, GPS devices, and cameras can be used to monitor traffic
patterns , inform drivers of traffic situations can easily help our enforcers , government and the
constituents . Another Thing is it can also help conserved energy consumption of home or
work and in terms of agricultural matters it can also support by using a sensor that can detect
the environmental problems. IoT is more sophisticated but it can lead to a better life and better
business opportunities.
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Challenges and Barriers to IoT (CO-3)
The Internet Of Things has been facing many areas like Information Technology, Healthcare,
Data Analytics and Agriculture. The main focus is on protecting privacy as it is the primary
reason for other challenges including government participation. Integrated effort from the
government, civil society and private sectors would play a vital role in protecting the following
values given below in to prevent IoT from getting hampered.
1. Scalability: Billions of internet-enabled devices get connected in a huge network, large
volumes of data are needed to be processed. The system that stores, analyses the data from
these IoT devices needs to be scalable. In present, the era of IoT evolution everyday objects
are con interpretation of useful data.
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2. Interoperability: Technological standards in most areas are still fragmented. These
technologies need to be converged. Which would help us in establishing a common connected
with each other via Internet. The raw data obtained from these devices need big data analytics
and cloud storage for framework and the standard for the IoT devices. As the standardization
process is still lacking, interoperability of IoT with legacy devices should be considered critical.
This lack of interoperability is preventing us to move towards the vision of truly connected
everyday interoperable smart objects.
3. Lack of government support: Government and Regulatory bodies like FDA should come up
and bring up regulations by setting up a standard committee for safety and security of devices
and people.
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4. Safety Of Patients: Most Of IoT devices are left unattended, as they are connected with
real-world objects. If used on patients as wearable devices, any technical error in security
can be life-threatening for patient.
5. Security And Personal Privacy: There has been no research in security vulnerabilities and its
improvements. It should ensure Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability of personal data of
patient.
6. Design Based Challenge: With the development in technology design challenges are
increasing at a faster rate. There have been issues regarding design like limited computation
power, limited energy and limited memory which need to be sorted out.
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Summary
The internet of things, day by day accompanies the development of activities that are executed in any space,
through remote access. Households and companies have included new technologies in different areas for the
automatic development of activities or processes, real-time monitoring and control, which has become a pressing
need for decision-making, For this reason, it is necessary to carry out a bibliographic review, by searching for
scientific articles, in the most recognized digital databases, where the most important aspects of the internet of
things, technologies and elements used in the last ones are mentioned years, in order to know a little more about
these and their characteristics in common. For the investigation, the recommendations and analysis of the results
obtained in case studies will be taken into account, seeking to leave a precedent that contributes to the
improvement of the agro-industrial production processes, so that they are supported in new technologies that
allow identifying, measure and control variables, that achieve the efficient operation of resources, maximizing the
potential of their characteristics.
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QUIZ
1. Which of the following is used to capture data from the physical world in IoT devices?
a) Sensors b) Actuators c) Microprocessors d) Microcontrollers
2. Which of the following command is used to trigger the Amazon echo IOT device?
a) Hello b) Suri c) Alexa d) Hey
3. Which of the following is false about the MANET IoT network?
(a) It is a self-configuring network (b) It has a low data rate (c) It doesn’t have any encryption (d) Power is readily available
for complex security
4. Which of the following is not a sensor in IoT?
b) BMP280 b) DHT11 c) Photo resistor d) LED
5. Which of the following is not an actuator in IoT?
c) Stepper motor b) A fan c) An LED d) Arduino
6. What is the use of PWM signals in IoT development boards?
a) They are used by sensors to have analog input b) They are used by sensors to have digital input
c) They are used by actuators to have analog input d) They are used by actuators to have digital input
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7. Which of the following is true about Arduino IoT devices?
a) They are open-source software b) They can only read analog inputs
c) They have their own operating systems d) They don’t have pre-programmed firmware
8. IoT-A stands for ________
a) Internet of Things Area b) Industrial of things Architecture
c) Internet of Things Address d) Internet of Things Architecture
9. Which of the following is not a feature of the Raspberry PI model B IoT device?
b) It has 256 MB SDRAM b) It has a single USB connector
c) c) It has its own operating system d) It has an Ethernet port
10. Which of the following is not related to Arduino IDE IoT software?
d) Serial monitor
e) Verify
f) Upload
g) Terminate
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REFERENCES
TEXT BOOKS
• Ovidiu Vermesan, Peter Friess, “Internet of Things-Converging Technologies for Smart Environments & integrated Ecosystem”, River Publications Netherlands.
• Internet Society, “An overview of Internet of Things”.
• IoT Fundamentals: Networking Technologies, Protocols, and Use Cases for the Internet of Things by David Hanes, Gonzalo Salgueiro, Patrick Grossetete, CISO Press.
REFERENCE BOOKS
• Pfister, Cuno, “Getting started with the Internet of Things: connecting sensors and microcontrollers to the cloud", O'Reilly Media, Inc.”, 2011.
• Greenfield, Adam,” Everyware: The dawning age of ubiquitous computing”, New Riders, 2010.
• The Internet of Things, revised and updated edition (The MIT Press Essential Knowledge series) by Samuel Greengard, MIT Press.
Video Links
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLaxu2gn-9WXMf_ln5pMvxjf043jzof4-i
Web Links
• https://www.the-reference.com/en/expertise/creation-and-implementation/internet-of-things
• https://www.lifewire.com/introduction-to-the-internet-of-things-817766
• Https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc17_cs22/preview
• https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/technology-provider/training/intro-to-iot.html
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THANK YOU
