Internet of Things (IoT)

IT 8311
Credit rating: 10

LECTURE VIII.
Eng.Malissa
[email protected]
Security in IoT
Outline
• Device Authentication and Identity Management
• Data Encryption
• Secure Communication
• Firmware and Software Updates
• Secure Gateway and Network
• Physical Security
• Privacy and Data Protection
• Monitoring and Logging
• Security by Design
• Security Standards and Certifications
• User Awareness and Education
Introduction.
• While, IoT offers numerous benefits and opportunities,
it also presents unique security challenges due to the
large number of devices and the diverse range of their
capabilities.
 Importance of security in IoT
 Protecting data, privacy, and infrastructure
 Mitigating risks of unauthorized access and attacks
Device Authentication and Identity
Management.
 Unique device identities
Ensures each device has a distinct identity
Enables secure communication and access control
 Strong authentication mechanisms
Passwords, cryptographic keys, biometrics
 Secure boot and digital certificates
Verifying the authenticity and integrity of device software

Data Encryption.
 Protecting data at rest and in transit
Encryption transforms data into unreadable format
Prevents unauthorized access
 Encryption techniques
Symmetric encryption (AES) for efficient data protection
Asymmetric encryption (RSA) for key exchange and digital signatures
 TLS and AES for secure data encryption
Transport Layer Security for secure communication
Advanced Encryption Standard for data confidentiality
Secure Communication.
 Establishing secure channels
Prevents eavesdropping, tampering, and data interception

 HTTPS, MQTT with TLS, and CoAP with DTLS

HTTPS: Secure web communication using TLS
MQTT with TLS: Secure publish-subscribe messaging protocol
CoAP with DTLS: Secure communication for resource-constrained devices

 Ensuring data integrity during transmission

Message integrity checks using cryptographic hashes
Verification of message authenticity
Firmware and Software Updates.
 Regular updates to address vulnerabilities
Security patches, bug fixes, feature enhancements
Protection against known exploits and weaknesses

 Secure and automated update mechanisms

Encrypted update packages
Code signing and verification
Rollback protection to prevent unauthorized downgrades

 Patch management and device functionality

Timely deployment of updates
Ensuring updates do not disrupt device functionality
Secure Gateway and Network.
 Securing IoT gateways
Central points for data aggregation and communication
Protecting against unauthorized access

 Firewalls and intrusion detection systems

Filtering network traffic
Detecting and blocking malicious activities

 VPNs for secure network communication

Securely connecting devices across networks
Encrypting data between endpoints
Physical Security.
 Protecting against physical access risks
Tamper-evident seals and secure enclosures
Preventing unauthorized tampering or extraction of components
 Access controls and disposal of decommissioned devices
Strong access control mechanisms (e.g., biometrics, access cards)
Secure disposal to prevent data leakage
Privacy and Data Protection.
 Handling personal and sensitive data
Adhering to privacy regulations (e.g., GDPR)
Minimizing data collection and retention

 Data anonymization and consent management

Protecting privacy by removing personally identifiable information
Obtaining user consent for data processing and sharing

 Secure storage and compliance with regulations

Encryption and access controls for stored data
Regular audits and compliance assessments
Monitoring and Logging.
 Continuous monitoring for security incidents
Real-time detection of anomalies and suspicious activities
Intrusion detection systems and security event monitoring

 Analyzing logs for threat detection

Log aggregation and analysis for identifying security events
Correlation of logs for incident response and forensic investigations

 Timely response to security events

 Incident response procedures and incident management teams
Security by Design.
 Incorporating security from the design phase
Identifying and addressing potential security risks early on
Secure architecture and robust security controls
 Secure development practices
Secure coding standards and best practices
Code reviews and vulnerability testing
 Security assessments and controls throughout the lifecycle
Regular security audits and penetration testing
Continuous monitoring and updates
Security Standards and Certifications.
 Adhering to recognized security standards
ISO/IEC 27000 series for information security management
NIST Cybersecurity Framework for best practices and risk
management
IEC 62443 for industrial IoT security
 Obtaining relevant certifications
Demonstrates adherence to security standards and best practices
Provides assurance to customers and stakeholders
User Awareness and Education.
 Promoting best practices
Strong passwords, regular updates, and device hygiene
Awareness about phishing attacks and social engineering
 Secure IoT usage guidelines
Educating users on device configuration and privacy settings
Providing guidance on safe IoT device installation and setup
Conclusion.
 Summary of key points
Device authentication, data encryption, secure communication
Firmware and software updates, secure network and gateway
Physical security, privacy and data protection, monitoring and logging
Security by design, standards and certifications, user awareness

 Continuous and multi-layered approach

Security is an ongoing process, evolving with emerging threats

 Importance of staying updated

Keeping up with the latest security technologies and best practices
 IoT Cloud
Performance
Factors Affecting IoT Cloud Performance.
 Scalability
 Latency
 Data Ingestion and Processing
 Connectivity and Interoperability
 Security
 Reliability and Availability
 Analytics and Insights
Scalability.
• Ability to handle large-scale deployments and
scale horizontally to accommodate increasing
workloads.
Latency.
• Real-time or near real-time response with low
latency for timely data processing and event
triggers.
• Low latency infrastructure and optimized data
processing pipelines.
Data Ingestion and Processing.
• Efficiently handle large volumes of IoT data,
apply real-time analytics, and derive actionable
insights.
• Real-time analytics to derive insights, trigger
actions, and make data-driven decisions.
Connectivity and Interoperability.
• Support multiple communication protocols and
ensure seamless connectivity with diverse IoT
devices.
 Support for popular IoT communication
protocols such as MQTT, CoAP, and HTTP.
 Interoperability with various IoT devices,
sensors, and gateways for seamless integration.
Security.
• Implement robust security measures to protect
sensitive IoT data, including data encryption,
access control, and authentication.
 Data encryption in transit and at rest to protect
against unauthorized access.
 Robust access control mechanisms and user
authentication for secure IoT data handling.
Reliability and Availability.
• Ensure high availability, fault-tolerance, and
minimal service disruptions in critical IoT
environments.
• Highly available infrastructure with redundant
components and failover mechanisms.
• Proactive monitoring and fault-tolerance to
minimize service disruptions and ensure continuous
operation
Analytics and Insights.
• Provide advanced analytics capabilities for data
visualization, predictive analytics, and machine
learning.
 Advanced analytics tools to process and analyze IoT data in
real-time.
 Data visualization dashboards, predictive analytics, and
machine learning for actionable insights.
Conclusion.
• Evaluate IoT cloud platforms based on
scalability, latency, data processing capabilities,
connectivity, security, reliability, and analytics.
• Choose a platform that aligns with specific IoT
deployment requirements and use cases.
• Prioritize performance factors that are critical
for your IoT project's success.
END.