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Internet of Things (IoT) - Lecture 2

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Internet of Things (IoT) - Lecture 2

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inboxmwita
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Internet of Things (IoT)

IT 8311
Credit rating: 10

LECTURE II.
Eng.Malissa
[email protected]
OUTLINES.
• Market Opportunity
• Building Blocks of IOT
• The IoT Stack
• IoT Device Management
• IoT Architecture
• IoT Enabling Technologies
Market Opportunity
50

50 Billion

40 “Smart Objects”
BILLIONS OF DEVICES

Rapid
30 Adoption
Rate of Digital
Infrastructure:
5X Faster Than
Electricity and
20 25 Telephony
Inflection
Point
12.5
10
World
Population
7.2 7.6
6.8
0
TIMELINE
2010 2015 2020

Source: Cisco IBSG, 2011

IoT Is Here Now – and Growing!


Market Opportunity

Projected Market Share of Dominant IoT Applications by 2025


Building Blocks of IOT.

Source: Intellipaat
The IoT Stack

Source: Intellipaat
IoT Device Management

Source: Intellipaat
IoT Architecture

The IoT architecture. (a) Three-layer. (b) Middle-ware based. (c) SOA (d) Five Layer
Object Layer
• The object consists of sensor/actuator devices
• This aims to collect and process information
and perform different functionalities such as
querying location, temperature, weight,
motion, vibration, acceleration, humidity etc.
• This layer digitizes and transfers data to the
Object Abstraction Layer through secure
channels.
Object Abstraction Layer
• It is responsible for transferring data collected by
Object layer to the Service Management Layer
through secure channels.
• Technologies used in this layer are RFID,3G,4G,5G,
GSM, UMTS, Wifi, Bluetooth Low Energy, Infrared,
Zigbee etc.
• Cloud Computing and Data Management Processes
are handled in this layer.
Service Management Layer
• It is responsible for pairing services with its
requester based on Addresses and Names.
• This layer supports the IoT application
programmers to work with heterogeneous
objects without consideration to a specific
hardware platform.
Application Layer
• Application layer provides services requested by
customers such as temperature and humidity
measurements to the customers who ask for that
data.
• Application layer covers numerous vertical markets
such as smart home, smart building,
transportation, industrial automation and smart
healthcare.
Business Layer
• This layer manages overall IoT system activities and
services.
• The responsibility of this layer are to build a business
model, graphs, flowcharts etc. based on the received data
from the application layer.
• Decision making processes based on Big-data analysis are
taken in this layer.
• Monitors and managers underplaying four layers is
achieved in this layer.
IoT Elements - (continued….)

IoT Element and Technologies in IoT


Architecture (continued….)

Standardization efforts in support of IoT


Application Layer Protocols
• CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol) is a specialized web
transfer protocol designed for use with constrained nodes and
networks in IoT (Internet of Things) applications.
• It is intended to enable communication between resource-
constrained devices and is designed to be lightweight, efficient,
and suitable for use in constrained environments with limited
bandwidth, processing power, and energy resources.

Constrained Application Protocols (CoAP)


Application Layer Protocols
• MQTT follows a publish-subscribe messaging model, where
publishers (clients) send messages to a broker (server), and
subscribers (clients) receive messages from the broker based on
their subscriptions.
• It is lightweight and well-suited for low-power, low-bandwidth
devices and applications with simple communication patterns.

Message Q Telemetry Transport (MQTT)


Application Layer Protocols
• Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) is an open-
standard communication protocol based on XML (eXtensible Markup
Language).
• Originally designed for instant messaging (IM) and presence
information, XMPP has evolved into a versatile protocol suitable for a
wide range of real-time communication applications, including IoT
(Internet of Things).

Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol(XMPP)


Application Layer Protocols
• AMQP supports both publish-subscribe and point-to-point
messaging models. It allows for more complex messaging patterns,
such as queues, topics, and exchanges, providing greater flexibility
and control over message routing and delivery.
• AMQP is more feature-rich and suitable for enterprise-grade
messaging applications with stringent reliability and scalability
requirements.

Advance Message Q protocol (AMQP)


Service Discovery Protocols

Multicast DNS (mDNS) DNS Service Discovery (DNS-SD)


Infrastructure Protocols
• Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks (RPL)
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) ROLL working group
Link independent routing protocol based on IPv6
Destination Oriented Directed Acyclic Graph( DODAG) represents
the core topology.
• 6LowPAN(Low Power Wireless Personal Area Network)
Adaptation Layer to fit IPv6 to IEEE 802.15.4
Support for header compression , fragmentation to meet IPv6 MTU.

21/25
Infrastructure Protocols

Infrastructure Protocols 22/25


IoT Enabling Technologies
• Wireless Sensor Networks
• Cloud Computing
• Big Data Analytics
• Communication Protocols
• Embedded Systems
Wireless Sensor Networks
Examples of WSNs in IoT & Protocols used
ZigBee
• IEEE 802.15.4
• Operates at 2.4 GHz
• Data rates: 250 kbps
• Range: 10 to 100 meters
Cloud Computing
Big Data Analytics
Big Data Analytics
Big Data Analytics
Big Data Analytics
Communication Protocols
• Backbone of IoT systems.
• Allow devices to exchange data over the network.
• Define data encoding, addressing schemes for
devices and routing of packets.
Embedded Systems
• Computer system that has computer hardware and software
embedded to perform specific tasks.
• Key components: MP or MC, Memory, Networking units, I/O
units and storage.
• Range from low-cost miniaturized devices such as digital watches
to digital cameras, vending machines etc.
END.
Thanks for Listening.

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