MUSCLES

OF
MASTICATION
Content
Introductio Accessory

n muscles

Definition Movements and

Developme role Disorders

Important facts

nt Conclusion
Features

Classificatio

Primary
n
muscles
Introduction
Food is the main source of energy and this source is derived
through the complicated process, digestion. 1st step of digestion
is mastication

Teeth, jaws, muscles of jaws, tongue and salivary gland aid in

mastication

Main purpose of mastication is to reduce the size of food

particles to
a size that is convenient for swallowing with the help of saliva

Muscles of mastication are group of muscle that help in

development:
The muscular system
develops from intra
embryonic mesoderm from
embryonic cells called
myoblast.
Muscles of mastication are
derived from first
branchial
arch that is mandibular
arch
 Definition
s
MUSCLE:-
An organ that by contraction produces movements of an animal;
a composed of contractile cells or fiber that effect movements
of an organ or part of the body.

MASTICATION:
- defined as the process of chewing food in preparation
Is
for swallowing and digestion.
important fact and features of mastication

Average jaw opening during chewing is between 16-

20mm. Duration of masticatory cycle varies between
0.6- 1 sec.
Men chew faster and have a shorter occlusal phase
than. woman Have shorter contraction times than
most of other body muscles Do not get fatigued easily.
closing movement also determined by the height of
the teeth.
classification
PRIMARY ACCESSORY
MUSCLES MUSCLES

MASSETER DIGASTRIC

TEMPORALIS STYLOHYOID

LATERAL
MYLOHYOID
PTERYGOID

MEDIAL
GENIOHYOID
PTERYGOID
 PRIMARY MUSCLES OF MASTICATION
MASSET
•ER
Greek word "masseter"-a chewer.
• It is one of the most powerful muscles involved in
the power stroke closure of the mandible.
• This is a quadrilateral muscle, partly tendinous,
partly fleshy which covers the lateral part of
ramus of mandible.
• It consist of 3 layers which blend anteriorly.
• Multiple arrangement of fibers:
• Superficial
• Middle
• Deep
 Origin
- SUPERFICIAL LAYER (LARGEST)
• Maxillary process of zygomatic bone
• Anterior 2/3rd of inferior border of zygomatic arch
- MIDDLE LAYER
• Medial aspect of anterior 2/3rd of zygomatic arch
• Lower border of posterior third of zygomatic arch
-DEEP LAYER-Deep surface area of zygomatic arch
Insertion
SUPERFICIAL LAYER(LARGEST):-
• Angle of mandible
• Lower posterior half of lateral surface of mandibular ramus
MIDDLE LAYER:-
• Middle part of the ramus of mandible
DEEP LAYER :-
• Upper part of the ramus of mandible
• Coronoid process
Nerve supply
Supplied by masseteric nerve a branch of
anterior Division of mandibular nerve

Blood supply
Supplied by masseteric artery branch of
Maxillary Artery Venous drainage through
masseteric vein
 Function
- Elevates the mandible to close the mouth and to occlude
the teeth in mastication
- Its activity in the resting position is minimal.
- It has a small effect in side to side movement, protraction
and retraction

Clinical importance
- An active masseter muscle will create a concavity in the
Outline of the distobuccal border and a less active muscle
may result in a convex border.
- In this area the buccal flange must converge medially to avoid
displacement due to contraction of the masseter muscle
because the muscle fibers in that area are vertical and oblique
 Temporalis muscle
-Its a powerful fan shaped muscle ,
which covers temporal region.

Origin
-From inferior temporal line, floor of temporal
fossa excluding zygomatic bone

Insertion
-deep surface of the coronoid process and
anterior border of ramus of mandible.
 Temporalis muscle

Nerve supply
- Deep temporal branch from anterior division
of Mandibular nerve.

Blood
supply
-Superficial temporal artery branch of maxillary
artery, superficial temporal vein and middle temporal
vein.
 functions
- Anterior part helps in clenching
- posterior part retracts the mandible
- crushing of food between molar
- helps in side to side grinding

Clinical significance
- sudden contraction in temporalis results
in coronoid fracture
- the patient is asked to close and move his
mandible from side to side and then
immediately
asked to open wide to record the activity of
coronoid process which is not successfully
 MEDIAL PTERYGOID MUSCLE
It is a thick quadrilateral muscle, consist of 2
heads
Origin
Consist of 2 heads
1) superficial head
2) deep head

Superficial head
Its a small slip of muscle , and it arises from
Maxillary tuberosity and palatine bone.

Deep head
Its a large muscle , and it arises from lateral
Pterygoid muscle and palatine bone.
Insertion
Medial surface of the ramus of mandible and
behind the mandibular foramen and mylohyoid
groove
Nerve supply
Medial Pterygoid is supplied by main trunk of
Mandibular nerve.
Relation
-Superficial
1) lingual nerve
2) inferior alveolar nerve
3) inferior alveolar
vessels
-Deep head
1) levator palati and tensor palati
muscle
2) superior constrictor of pharynx
3) styloglossus and stylopharangeal
Functions
1) elevation of mandible
( Closing of mouth)

2) protrusion of
mandible

3) side to side
movement
(Chewing)
Lateral pterygoid
Origin
Arises by 2 head

• Upper head
 Upper head
• Lower head
• Infratemporal surface and infratemporal crest of
greater wing of sphenoid.
 Lower head

lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate of

Insertion
sphenoid .

1. pterygoid fovea at anterior surface of neck of mandible

2. capsule and articular disc of tempro-mandibular joint
 Relation
 Key muscle of infra temporal region

It's relations are :

Superficial

 Ramus of mandible

 Masseter
 Deep
Tendon of temporalis

 Superficial head of medial pterygoid

 Maxillary artery
 Function
1.Depression of mandible(opening of mouth)

2.protrusion of mouth(along with medial pterygoid)

3.Side to Side movements of mandible(chewing)

(lateral and medial pterygoid muscles of two sides

contract alternatively)
erve supply
from anterior division from mandibular nerve
 ACCESSORY MUSCLE
1.DIAGASTRIC MUSCLE
2.BUCCINATOR MUSCLE
3.GENIOHYOID MUSCLE
4.STYLOHYOID MUSCLE
5.MYLIOHYOID MUSCLE
 Digastric muscle
Formed by 2 belly like masses of muscle tissue
joined by an intermediate tendon.

Origin
✓ Anterior belly from diagastric fossa of
mandible,lateral to mental symphysis.
✓ Posterior belly from mastoid notch of temporal bone.

Insertion
✓ Both meet at the intermediate tendon and held
by the fibrous pulley to the hyoid bone.
Nerve supply
- Anterior belly by nerve to Mylohyoid
- Posterior belly by -facial nerve

Function
-Depression of jaw, both sides contract
simultaneously
-Provide antagonism to elevation of
mandible
-Elevation of hyoid during swallowing
 Buccinator
- Muscle
It is an accessory muscle of mastication,
occupying the gap between mandible and
maxilla forming important part of the
cheek.
- Also known as muscle of cheek.

Origin

-Upper fibers: From maxilla opposite molar

teeth
-Middle fibers: From pterygomandibular raphe
-Lower fibers: From mandible opposite molar
Insertion

-Upper fibers: Straight to the upper lip

-Middle fibers: Decussate before passing to the
lips
Nerve Supply
- Buccal branch of facial nerve

Function
- Flatten cheek against gums and teeth,
prevent accumulation of food in the
vestibule of mouth and to bring the food on
to the occlusal table
during mastication.
Geniohyoid
Muscle
-Short and narrow muscle lies above Mylohyoid

Origin
-Inferior mental spine (genial tubercle)

Insertion
-Fibersrun backwards, downwards to be inserted
into the anterior surface of the body of hyoid bone

Nerve supply
-1st Cranial nerve, the fibers pass through
hypoglossal nerve.

Function
- Carry hyoid bone and the tongue upward
during
deglutition.
Stylohyoid Muscle
-Small muscle that lies along the upper
border of the Posterior belly of digastric
muscle.

Origin
-From the lateral & inferior surface of the
styloid Process of temporal bone.

Insertion
-Isinserted into the body of the hyoid
bone, at it junction with the greater
cornu.
Nerve Supply

-Branch from facial nerve

Function
-Pulls hyoid bone upwards and
backwards
Mylohyoid Muscle
-Flat, triangular muscle lying deep to the
anterior belly of digastric
- It forms the floor of the mouth.
- Flat triangular
Origin
-Mylohyoid line of mandible.
Insertion
- Middle and anterior fibers into median
raphae
- Posterior fibers body of hyoid bone.
NERVE SUPPLY:
- Nerve to Mylohyoid
FUNCTION
-Helps in depression of mandible,
elevation of hyoid bone.
GUIDED BY:-
DR.SWETA
MA'AM
DR.HEMALI
MA'AM
PREPARED BY:-

SIDDHI KOTA (25)

JUHI SHARAN (26)
TRIPTI KUMARI (27)
KRISHA LAD (28)
LAIBA MALIK (29)
PRISLYN SWEETY (30)
BHUSHAN NAWLE (31)
NAYANA NAIR (32)
THANK
YOU