Variable, Constant, and

other terms related to

Algebraic Expression
Variable
A letters or symbol that represents an
unknown value.

Example 1:
x , y , z , a, c

VARIABLE
Example 2:
8x2 – 2x + 3
Constant
it is a symbol with exactly one number or
a fixed value in its replacement set.

Example 1:
1, 3, 7, 2
CONSTANT
Example 2:
8x2 – 2x + 3
Term
an algebraic expression separated by
plus or minus sign

Example 1:
8x2 – 2x + 3

Term 1 Term 2 Term 3

Numerical Coefficient
The numerical factor of a term

Example 1:
8x2 – 2x + 3
Numerical Numerical
coefficient coefficient
Literal Coefficient
The variable factor of a term

Example 1:
8x2 – 2x + 3
Literal Literal
coefficient coefficient
Algebraic expression
An algebraic expression refers to a
constant, a variable, or a combination of
variables and constant involving a finite
number of indicated fundamental operations
(addition, subtraction, multiplication,
division, evolution or radicals, involution or
exponents) in algebra.

Example 1:
Algebraic expression
An algebraic expression refers to a
constant, a variable, or a combination of
variables and constant involving a finite
number of indicated fundamental operations
(addition, subtraction, multiplication,
division, evolution or radicals, involution or
exponents) in algebra.

Example 1:
Polynomial
is an algebraic expression representing a
sum or difference of one or more terms
containing whole-number exponents on the
variables.

5 2𝑥 −𝑥+𝑦 −𝑥 +
Example:

𝑥2 + 4𝑥 − 5 𝑥2 + 2𝑥y
An expression is NOT a polynomial if:
1. The exponent is a negative number, not a
whole number or a variable.

Examples: 4x-2, x2y2 + 3xy3 + y4/3, 5x

2. The variable is in the denominator.

Examples: , ,
An expression is NOT a polynomial if:

3. The variable is under the radical sign.

Examples: , ,
The degree of a term
is the exponent of its variable

Example: 3x4 + x2 – 9x + 7

the degree of the terms is as follows: 3x4 has

degree 4, x2 has degree 2, -9x has degree 1,
and 7 has degree 0
The degree of the polynomial
is the highest degree appearing in any of
the terms
in that polynomial.

Example: 3x4 + x2 – 9x + 7

Since 4 is the highest degree, the degree of

the polynomial 3x4 + x2 – 9x + 7 is degree 4.
If a term consists of two or more variables,
the degree of a term is the sum of the
exponents of the variables.

Example: xy2 + 8x2y4 – 3y4

we have the degree of each term as follows:
xy2 has degree 3 (1+2 = 3)
8x2y4 has degree 6 (2+4 = 6)
–3y4 has degree 4

Since 6 is the highest sum of the exponent from

Kinds of Polynomial According to the
Number of Terms
Number of Kinds of Examples
Terms Polynomial

1 Monomial x , 5y , 6c
2 Binomial a+b , 2x-y , 3x2-3
3 Trinomial a+b+c , 2(x+y+z)
4 or more Multinomial x3 + 5x2 – 4x + 5
Kinds of Polynomial According to its Degree

Kind of Degree Examples

Polynomials in
terms of degree
Constant 0 1,5
Linear 1 x3 + 5x2 – 4x + 5
Quadratic 2 2x2, x2-1, 3x2-2y+3
Cubic 3 x3 + 5x2 – 4x + 5
Seatwork
Algebraic Variable Constant Numerical
Expression Coefficient
5
3m+7
2x2+5z+3
√3+8a
1/2 – 5y
Seatwork
State whether the following algebraic expressions
are polynomials or not. In the affirmative case,
indicate its degree and type of polynomial
according to the number of terms.

1. x4 − 3x5 + 2x² +5 6. x − 2x−3 + 8

8. 𝑚2 + 𝑛 2
2. +7x2+2 7. x3- x + - 7 2
3. 1 − x4
4. 3x4 – x - 7 9. ab2 - 5
5. x³ + x5 + x² 10. a - 6
Seatwork
Identify the type of Polynomial according to its
degree.
Polynomial Degree Type
4x
3x2+2x
2m+n+o
4
4x-5x2-3
For each expression, identify the variable(s),
constant term, coefficient(s), and term(s).
1. 3x + 7y − 5 9. -4pq2+7r3−2p+3
2. 4a2b − 9c +2 10. 2x3 − 5xy2z +
9y −11
3. 2xy − 3x2 + 5y2z
4. 8p−6q2r3+10
5. −3mn + 4m2n2−7
6. ½ x2 − 3xy + 7z −10
7. 5ab−2bc+3cd−4d2
8. 6xy + 9x2− 2y2z+11
Identify each algebraic expression, draw a star if it
is a polynomial and a heart if it is not a
polynomial, and if it is a polynomial, identify its
degree and type based on the number of terms

1. 3x2 + 5x − 2 6. x2 + 3x − 4x–2y +

2. 2𝑥 + 4x3
2
7. 6x4 − 8x3 + 2x2 – x
+4

9. 2𝑥𝑦 + 4xy2 + 3y3

3. 7x4 − 2x2 + x – 5 8. + 3x − 7
4. + 2x2 − 3
The symbol of operations and relations with their
corresponding meanings

Symbol Words/phrases related to addition

and subtraction
plus, increased by, added to, the
+ sum of, more than, greater than
minus, decreased by, deducted
_ from, subtracted from, less than,
diminished by , the difference of
Symb Meaning
ol
x , ● , multiplication, times, multiplied
() by, product of, of
÷ division, divided by, ratio of,
quotient of, over
Symbol Meaning
= Equal , is equal to, is ,
yields to
< Less than
> Greater than
≠ Not equal
≤ is less than or equal to, is
at most
≥ is greater than or equal to,
 Translate verbal phrase into
mathematical phrases
Verbal Phrases
1. The sum of a and 3 a+3
2. 8 more than pPhrases p + 8
Mathematical
3. The square of r
4. 6 subtracted from b b - 6
5. 4 less than y y-4
6. 4 less y 4-y
7. The product of 5 and 5c
𝑚
c
8. The quotient of m
8
Verbal Phrases
Mathematical Phrase
the sum of m and 8 m+8
10 added to c 10 + c
7 plus a 7+a
5 more than t t+5
q increased by p q+p
11 greater than n 11>n
exceeds r by twenty r + 20
the product of 8 and m 8m
Verbal Phrases
Mathematical Phrase
10 times c 10c
twice x 2x
of p p
7 multiplied by b 7b
the difference of m and m-8
10 subtracted from c
8 c - 10
7 minus a 7-a
5 less than t t-5
Verbal Phrases
Mathematical Phrase
d minus six equals four d-6=4
The quotient of d and two d/2=6
is six. more than two times h 2h+7=1
Seven
is onek plus the number g is equal to
Twice 2k+g=3
three
k diminished by 20 plus (k-20)+5 = 2
The ratio of
5yields twothe numbers x and y is equalx/y=1
to one
The product of e and f is equal ef=10
The sum of four and p is two
to ten
Verbal Phrases
Mathematical Phrase
q decreased by p q-p
9 take away d 9-d
10 divided by c 10
𝑐
x divided into 10 𝑥
10
Translate mathematical phrase verbal
phrases
Mathematical
1. x + 5 Phrasesincreased Verbal
by
2. 36 - n
Phrases Difference of
3. x + 8 more than
4. 12 + x more than
5. n - 25 less than
6. x - 60 less than
7. 2/5x of
8. 5x 𝑡 𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠
Translate mathematical phrase verbal
phrases
Mathematical
1. n - 20 Phrasesless than Verbal
2. 30 - a
Phrases Decreased by
3. 16 + 3 sum of
4. n - 7 difference of
5. 12/n quotient of
6. 53 + 2x sum of
7. 3/4v of
8. 3n 𝑡 𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠
Verbal Phrases
Mathematical Phrase added to
n + 10
2x times
n+8 subtracted to
16/n divided
15 + n sum of
16n Product of
3n times
 Performance Task #1
Chose 5 phrases related to addition, subtraction,
multiplication and division, Write it in mathematical phrases
and verbal phrases. Do it in a format below.
ADDITION
Words/Phrases Mathematical Phrase Verbal Phrase
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
 Quiz
I. Tell whether each statement is True or False.
_____1. The degree of a binomial is always 2.
_____2. The degree of the polynomial x2 – x is 2.
_____3. In the polynomial x2 –x + 1, the coefficient of x is 5.
_____4. The degree of the polynomial 3x2 – 5xy + x3 + 5 is 2.
_____5. Every trinomial is of degree 3.

II. In the following exercises, list the terms and degrees in the
given expression.
1. 15x2+6x+2
2. 11x2+8x+5
3. 10y3+y+2
4. 9y3+y+5
5. x+y
 Quiz
III. In the following exercises, identify the coefficient of the
given term.
1. 8a
2. 13m
3. 5r2
4. 6x3
5. 11x
IV. Translate the following:
1. The sum of a number and nine.
2. Three times a number decreased by four.
3. The product of seven and a number increased by five.
4. Twelve less than twice a number.
5. The quotient of a number and six plus eight.
Evaluating Algebraic
Expression and Its
Application
Steps to follow in evaluating algebraic
expressions:

1. Substitute the given values for each

variable.
2. Simplify first the expression within the
parenthesis. 3. Perform all indicated
operations and simplify the result.
Example no. 1

Evaluate a+7 when:

1. a=3
2. a=12
Example no. 2

Evaluate 9x−2, when

1. x=5
2. x=1
Example no. 3
Evaluate x2 when x=10.

Evaluate 𝑥 2 when x=10.

Example no. 4

Example no. 5
Evaluate 2x2-1 when x=2.
Word Problem
6. A cleaning service charges a fixed fee of
PHP 1500 for a one-time cleaning session,
plus PHP 200 per hour for additional
cleaning time. If the cleaning session lasts
for 4 hours, what will the total cost be?

7. A taxi company charges PHP 50 as a

base fare for a ride, plus PHP 10 for every
kilometer traveled. If the ride covers a
8. A fitness trainer charges PHP 300 per
session for personal training sessions, plus
an additional PHP 50 for the use of
equipment. What will be the total cost if a
client schedules 3 sessions and uses
equipment for 2 of them?

9. A movie theater charges PHP 200 for a

movie ticket and an additional PHP 50 for a
large popcorn. What will be the total cost if
10.A music streaming service charges a
monthly subscription fee of PHP 150 and
an additional PHP 50 for a family plan
upgrade. If someone subscribes to the
family plan for 3 months, what will be the
total cost?
Evaluate the expression
1. 2x + 3 when x = 4.
2. Find the value of the expression 25y − 2
when y = 6.
3. Determine the result of the expression
3z2 + 2z − 1 when z = 2.
4. Evaluate the expression 3a + 2 when a
= 5.
5. Calculate the value of the expression 4b
+ 7 when b = 2.
x=3 x=6

1. 2x + 5 1. 3x − 4
2. 3x – 2 2. 12x2 + 5x + 1
3. 4x2 + 2x − 3 3. 4x + 3
4. 5x + 10 4. x2 − 2x + 5
5. 7x2 + 3x + 7 5. 6x + 8
6. A cleaning service charges a fixed fee of
Php 1500 for a one-time cleaning session,
plus Php 200 per hour for additional
cleaning time. If the cleaning session lasts
for 4 hours, what will the total cost be?

7. A taxi company charges Php 50 as a

base fare for a ride, plus Php 10 for every
kilometer traveled. If the ride covers a
distance of 8 kilometers, what will be the
8. A fitness trainer charges Php 300 per
session for personal training sessions, plus
an additional Php 50 for the use of
equipment. What will be the total cost if a
client schedules 3 sessions and uses
equipment for 2 of them?

9. A movie theater charges Php 250 for a

movie ticket and an additional Php 50 for a
large popcorn. What will be the total cost if
10. A music streaming service charges a
monthly subscription fee of Php 150 and
an additional Php 50 for a family plan
upgrade. If someone subscribes to the
family plan for 3 months, how much will be
the total cost?
 Quiz
I. Multiple Choice. Choose the correct
answer.

𝑥=4.
1. Evaluate the expression 2x+3 when

A) 8 B) 14 C) 11 D) 17

expression 3𝑦−2?
2. If y=5, what is the value of the

A) 13 B) 17 C) 15 D) 19
4. If 𝑥=2, what is the result of 3𝑥2−5𝑥+1?
A) 2 B) 4 C) 3 D) 5

5. Evaluate the expression 2𝑏−3 when

b=6.
A) 9 B) 15 C) 12 D) 18

6. If 𝑐=4, what is the value of 𝑐2+2𝑐?

A) 20 B) 32 C) 24 D) 40
7. What is the result of 6𝑥−4 when 𝑥=5?
A) 22 B) 30 C) 26 D) 34

8. If 𝑦=3, what is 2𝑦2+5?

A) 23 B) 37 C) 31 D) 47

9. Evaluate the expression 5𝑎−2 when

𝑎=7.
A) 33 B) 37 C) 35 D) 39
10.If 𝑥=3, what is the value of 𝑥3−2𝑥+4?
A) 19 B) 23 C) 21 D) 25

II. Problem Solving. Solve the problem

below. Show your solution.

Your summer landscaping job pays a fixed

rate of P520 per job plus P200 an hour.
How much total money you would make if
it took you 3 hours to complete a single
 Modeling Simple
Equations Using Bar
Model
Solve the given algebraic expression
1. x + 6 = 14
2. 2x + 6 = 10
3. x + 10 = 2x + 5
4. 5 + x = 10
5. 2x + 10 = 30
6. 2x – 5 = 13
7. 2x + 12 = 28
8. 3x – 4 = 2x + 5
1. 5 + x = 10
2. 2x + 10 = 30
3. 2x – 5 = 13
4. 2x + 12 = 28
5. 3x – 4 = 2x + 5
6. 2x + 4 = 6
7. 3a – 5 = 25
8. x – 4 = 9
9. 2a + 5 = a + 12
10.3b + 7 = x + 13
 Solving Equations by
Applying Properties of
Equality
Solving Literal
Equations
Literal Equations

an equation involving two or more

variables. Unlike traditional equations
where you often solve for one variable in
terms of numbers, in literal equations, you
solve for one variable in terms of the other
variable.
Example 1:
Solve for t in the literal equation d = rt.

Example 2:
Solve for l in the literal equation P = 2l
+ 2w.

Example 3:
Solve for height h in the formula of the
area of a triangle A = bh.
A. Solve each literal equation.
1. d C = πd
2. s P = 4s
3. m y = mx + b
4. w P = 2l + 2w
5. b P=a+b+c