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4.1 Drawing

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15 views18 pages

4.1 Drawing

Uploaded by

gowdakjeevan7
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Drawing

01/17/2025 Aruna M, Asst. Profesor, Dept of Mechanic


al Engineering, NIE Mysuru
Drawing:

Wire drawing is a metalworking process used to

reduce the cross-section of a wire by pulling the metal

through a single, or series of, drawing die

Applications:

• Tension-loaded structural components

• Stringed musical instruments

01/17/2025 Aruna M, Asst. Profesor, Dept of Mechanic


al Engineering, NIE Mysuru
Drawing

01/17/2025 Aruna M, Asst. Profesor, Dept of Mechanic


al Engineering, NIE Mysuru
01/17/2025 Aruna M, Asst. Profesor, Dept of Mechanic
al Engineering, NIE Mysuru
01/17/2025 Aruna M, Asst. Profesor, Dept of Mechanic
al Engineering, NIE Mysuru
Wire Drawing vs. Bar Drawing

• Difference between bar drawing and wire drawing is stock size

– Bar drawing - large diameter bar and rod stock

– Wire drawing - small diameter stock - wire sizes down to 0.03 mm

(0.001 in.) are possible. Therefore, coil stocks of wire are used to

draw smaller wires. The use of coil stock make this a continuous

process.

• Although the mechanics are the same, the methods, equipment, and

even terminology are different

01/17/2025 Aruna M, Asst. Profesor, Dept of Mechanic


al Engineering, NIE Mysuru
Drawing Practice and Products

• Drawing practice:
– Usually performed as cold working
– Most frequently used for round cross sections, but
square are also produced.
• Products:
– Wire: electrical wire; wire stock for fences, coat hangers,
and shopping carts
– Rod stock for nails, screws, rivets, and springs
– Bar stock: metal bars for machining, forging, and other
processes
01/17/2025 Aruna M, Asst. Profesor, Dept of Mechanic
al Engineering, NIE Mysuru
Bar Drawing

• Accomplished as a single‑draft operation ‑ the stock is

pulled through one die opening

• Beginning stock has large diameter and is a straight rod

• When tube is drawn with a mandrel is called tube

drawing

01/17/2025 Aruna M, Asst. Profesor, Dept of Mechanic


al Engineering, NIE Mysuru
Bar Drawing Bench

01/17/2025 Aruna M, Asst. Profesor, Dept of Mechanic


al Engineering, NIE Mysuru
Bull Block Drawing

01/17/2025 Aruna M, Asst. Profesor, Dept of Mechanic


al Engineering, NIE Mysuru
Continuous Wire Drawing

• Continuous drawing machines consisting of multiple


draw dies (typically 4 to 12) separated by accumulating
drums
– Each drum is driven by motor

– Each die provides a small reduction, so desired total


reduction is achieved by the series
– Annealing sometimes required between dies to
relieve work hardening

01/17/2025 Aruna M, Asst. Profesor, Dept of Mechanic


al Engineering, NIE Mysuru
01/17/2025 Aruna M, Asst. Profesor, Dept of Mechanic
al Engineering, NIE Mysuru
Continuous Wire Drawing

01/17/2025 Aruna M, Asst. Profesor, Dept of Mechanic


al Engineering, NIE Mysuru
Features of a Draw Die

01/17/2025 Aruna M, Asst. Profesor, Dept of Mechanic


al Engineering, NIE Mysuru
Features of a Draw Die

• Entry region – Does not contact with work, It funnels lubricant

into the die to prevent notching of work and die

• Approach - cone‑shaped region where drawing occurs

• Bearing surface - determines final stock size

• Back relief - exit zone - provided with a back relief angle of 30

• Die materials: tool steels or carbides

01/17/2025 Aruna M, Asst. Profesor, Dept of Mechanic


al Engineering, NIE Mysuru
Preparation for Drawing

• Annealing – to increase ductility of stock

• Cleaning/Pickling - to prevent damage to work surface and

draw die

• Pointing – to reduce diameter of work at starting end to

allow insertion through draw die

01/17/2025 Aruna M, Asst. Profesor, Dept of Mechanic


al Engineering, NIE Mysuru
Lubrication in Drawing
Wet drawing: the dies and wire or rod are completely immersed
in lubricant
Dry drawing: the wire or rod passes through a container of
lubricant which coats the surface of the wire or rod
Metal coating: the wire or rod is coated with a soft metal which
acts as a solid lubricant

Lubricants:
• Oil
• Copper sulfate solution: Copper film deposition. The best
example of copper coated wire is in MIG wire used in welding.
01/17/2025 Aruna M, Asst. Profesor, Dept of Mechanic
al Engineering, NIE Mysuru
Defects in Drawing

 Most of the defects in drawing process are similar to those observed in

extrusion, specially centre cracking.

 The tendency of cracking increases with the increase in die angle.

 Formation of seams, which are longitudinal scratches of folds in the material.

 Surface cracking

 Pipe – A flow pattern that draws the surface oxides and impurities to the

center of the product

 Internal cracking

 Surface lines: quality & maintenance of the die

01/17/2025 Aruna M, Asst. Profesor, Dept of Mechanic


al Engineering, NIE Mysuru

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