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Mean and Variance of The Discrete Probability Distribution

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20 views13 pages

Mean and Variance of The Discrete Probability Distribution

Uploaded by

minecraftmeepnv
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Variance And

Standard Deviation
of a
Discrete Random
Variables
GOALS
Calculate the variance and standard deviation of a
discrete random variable

Solve problems involving variance and standard deviation of


probability distributions.
Variance and Standard Deviation
Measures of variation;
It measures spread around the mean;
Good indicator of outliers
Find the mean or the expected value of the
probability distribution shown below.
X P(X) X∙P(X)
2 0.042 0.084
3 0.010 0.03
4 0.021 0.084

Σ
5 0.375 1.875
2.073
Variance and Standard Deviation of a Discrete Probability
Distribution
The variance of a discrete probability distribution is given by
the formula:

The standard deviation of a discrete probability distribution is


given by formula:

where:
X = value of the random variable

μ = mean of the probability distribution


P(X) = probability of the random variable X
A box contains 5 balls. Two are numbered 1, one is numbered 3, and two are numbered 2. The
balls are mixed, and one is selected at random. After a ball is selected, its number is recorded,
and the same ball is returned in the box. The experiment is done repeatedly, and the results
are shown in the table below. Find the variance and standard deviation of the numbers on the
balls.
Number on ball, X Probability, P(X) X·P(X)

2 2
1 5 5
1 3
3 5 5
2 4
2 5 5

9
Step 1: Find the mean of the ∑ ¿ 5 =1.8
probability distribution.
Number on ball, Probability, P(X) X·P(X) ∙ 𝑃(𝑋)
X

= 0.4 2 0.4 = 0.4


1
5
1 3
3 =0.2 0.2 = 1.8
5 5
= 0.4 4
2 0.4 = 1.6
5

Step 2: Multiply the square of the


value of the random variable X by its
corresponding probability.

Step 3: Get the sum of the results


obtained in Step 2. ∑ ¿3.8
Number on ball, Probability, P(X) X·P(X) ∙ 𝑃(𝑋)
X

∑ ¿3.8
= 0.4 2 0.4 = 0.4
1
5
1 3
3 =0.2 0.2 = 1.8
5 5
= 0.4 4
2 0.4 = 1.6
5

Step 4: Subtract the square of the mean from = ∑[∙ 𝑃(𝑋)]- = 0.56
= 3.8 - =
the result obtained in Step 3 to get the
variance. Get the square root of the variance
= 3.8 -
≈ 0.75
to find the standard deviation.
= 0.56

The variance of the probability distribution is 0.56


and the standard deviation is approximately 0.75.
Challenge Yourself

The probabilities that a market inspector will discover violations of the public health code in a
public market are given in the following table.

Number of Probability a. What is the mean of the probability


Violations (X) P(X) distribution?
0 0.41 b. What is the variance and the standard
deviation of the probability distribution?
1 0.22
VARIANCE
2 0.17 = ∑[∙ 𝑃(𝑋)]-
3 0.13 STANDARD DEVIATION
4 0.05 𝜎= √∑[ 𝑋 ∙ 𝑃 ( 𝑋 )]− µ
2 2

5 0.02
Challenge Yourself

Number of Probability X·P(X)


Violations (X) P(X) Mean = 1.25
0 0.41 0
1 0.22 0.22
2 0.17 0.34
3 0.13 0.39
4 0.05 0.2
5 0.02 0.1
Challenge Yourself

Number of
Violations (X)
Probability
P(X)
X·P(X) ∙ 𝑃(𝑋) SOLUTION:

0 0.41 0 0 2
0 ( 0.41 )=0
1 0.22 0.22 0.22
2 0.17 0.34 0.68 2
2 ( 0.17 )=0.68
3 0.13 0.39 1.17
4 0.05 0.2 0.8 2
4 ( 0.05 )=0. 8
5 0.02 0.1 0.5
Challenge Yourself

Number of
Violations (X)
Probability
P(X)
X·P(X) ∙ 𝑃(𝑋) SOLUTION:
= ∑[∙ 𝑃(𝑋)]-
0 0.41 0 0 =
1 0.22 0.22 0.22 =
2 0.17 0.34 0.68
= 1.81
3 0.13 0.39 1.17
4 0.05 0.2 0.8 =
5 0.02 0.1 0.5 ≈

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