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Introduction to Normalization

Normalization is a process aimed at reducing anomalies in databases by converting inconsistent tables into consistent ones through a step-by-step approach. The steps include 1st Normal Form (1NF) which eliminates repeating groups, 2nd Normal Form (2NF) which removes partial dependencies, and 3rd Normal Form (3NF) which addresses transitive dependencies. Key concepts include functional dependency, partial dependency, and transitive dependency, all of which describe relationships between attributes in a database.

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9 views

Introduction to Normalization

Normalization is a process aimed at reducing anomalies in databases by converting inconsistent tables into consistent ones through a step-by-step approach. The steps include 1st Normal Form (1NF) which eliminates repeating groups, 2nd Normal Form (2NF) which removes partial dependencies, and 3rd Normal Form (3NF) which addresses transitive dependencies. Key concepts include functional dependency, partial dependency, and transitive dependency, all of which describe relationships between attributes in a database.

Uploaded by

shazilgta6
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Normalization

Normalization is a process of Reduction of


anomalies from the database.
Normalization is a step by step process which
converts inconsistent table to consistent
table.
Steps in Normalization

1st Normal Form : A relation is said to be in


1NF or 1st Normal form if it does not have any
repeating groups and multivalued attributes.
2nd Normal Form : A relation is said to be
2NF if it does not have any partial
dependency in it.
3rd Normal Form : A relation is said to be
3NF if it does not have any transitive
dependency in it.
Repeating Groups

 The same set of information being present in


different areas can cause data inconsistency.
Functional Dependency:

 It Is A Relationship Between Attributes Such That The


Values Of One Attribute Depend On, Or Are Determined
By, The Values Of The Other Attribute(s).
A B.

Partial Dependency:
 IT is A Relationship Between Attributes Such That The
Values of non key Attribute Is Dependent on, Or
Determined By, The Values of Another Attribute Which
Is Part Of The Composite Key.
Transitive Dependencies : It Is A
Relationship Between Attributes Such That
The Values Of a Non-Key Attribute
determines the value of another non key
attribute .

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