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Lesson 2 - Internet History and Networking

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22 views36 pages

Lesson 2 - Internet History and Networking

Uploaded by

maryyjoy.delacruz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Internet

History and
Growth

Lesson 2
Learning Objectives
• Discuss the Internet History
• Define what is Networking
• Enumerate the types of Network
• Identify the evolution of Internet
• Name pioneers of the Internet
• Discuss the growth of the internet
VICTORIAN
INTERNET
• The Telegraph
• Invented in the 1840s.
• Signals sent over wires that were established
over vast distances
• Used extensively by the U.S. Government
during the American Civil War, 1861 - 1865
• Morse Code was dots and dashes, or short
signals and long signals
• The electronic signal standard of +/- 15 v. is
still used in network interface cards today.
WHAT IS THE INTERNET
• A network of networks, joining many
government, university and private computers
together and providing an infrastructure for the
use of E-mail, bulletin boards, file archives,
hypertext documents, databases and other
computational resources.
• The vast collection of computer networks which
form and act as a single huge network for
transport of data and messages across
distances which can be anywhere from the
same offi ce to anywhere in the world.
WHAT IS THE
INTERNET
• The largest network of
networks in the world.
• Uses TCP/IP protocols and
packet switching .
• Runs on any
communications substrate.
BRIEF HISTORY OF THE
INTERNET
• 1968 - DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency)
contracts with BBN (Bolt, Beranek & Newman) to create ARPAnet
• 1970 - First five nodes:
– UCLA
– Stanford
– UC Santa Barbara
– U of Utah, and
– BBN

• 1974 - TCP specification by Vint Cerf


• 1984 – On January 1, the Internet with its 1000 hosts converts en
masse to using TCP/IP for its messaging
The Creation of the Internet

• The creation of the Internet solved the


following challenges:
– Basically, inventing digital networking
as we know it
– Survivability of an infrastructure to send
/ receive high-speed electronic messages
– Reliability of computer messaging
INTERNET PIONEERS
VANNEVAR BUSH
• Vannevar Bush established the
U.S. military / university
research partnership that later
developed the ARPANET. He also
wrote the first visionary
description of the potential use
for information technology,
inspiring many of the Internet's
creators.
PAUL BARAN
• Paul Baran developed the field of
packet switching networks while
conducting research at the historic
RAND organization.

• packet switching is a method of


grouping data into packets that are
transmitted over a digital network.
Packets are made of a header and a
payload.
VINTON CERF
• Vinton Cerf is co-designer of the
TCP/IP networking protocol.

• TCP = Transmission Control


Protocol
• IP = Internet Protocol
ROBERT KAHN
• Bob Kahn is co-designer of the
TCP/IP networking protocol.
Tim Berners-Lee
• The inventor of HTML
• HTML = Hyper Text Mark up
Language
INTERNET GROWTH
Number of HOSTS
• A network host is a computer or other device connected to a
computer network.
• 1977: 111 hosts
• 1987: 10,000 hosts
• 1992: 1,000,000 hosts
• 2002: 200,000,000 hosts

•2019: 1,000,000,000 hosts


2023 NUMBER OF INTERNET
USERS

5,385,798,40
6
• - https://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm
WORLDS BIGGES CONTRIBUTOR
IN USERS
PHILIPPINE
S INTERNET
USERS • 49.8% of the
population
• Philippine population is
about 110,000,000+
TOTAL NUMBER OF
SITES

1.98 billion
websites
- google.com
(2023)
INTERNET PROVIDES

• Connectivity
• Learning and Information
• Anonymity
• Faster Transactions
• Collaboration
• Online Selling
• Entertainment
• Internet of Things
ITS NOT ALL GOOD IN THE
HOOD...
• Internet addiction • Never being able to disconnect
• Causes distraction from work

• Bullying • Lost of focus


• Health issues
• Stalkers
• Cyber crime • Depression

• Spam • Over buying


• Not a safe place for children
• Pornographic media
• Viruses and Malware
Network
Network

A NETWORK IS THE CONNECTION OF NETWORKING IS THE COMMUNICATION IN


MULTIPLE COMPUTERS OR GADGETS. BETWEEN COMPUTERS AND GADGETS
NETWORKING DEVICES
H A R D WA R E T H AT I S U S E D T O B E A B L E T O E N A B L E N E T W O R K I N G .
NIC (Network Interface
Card/Controller)
is a computer hardware component that connects a computer to a
computer network. Early NIC samples were expansion cards.

TYPES OF NIC

MEDIA SPECIFIC – NIC THAT IS


DESIGNED FOR A SPECIFIC MEDIA
SUCH AS ETHERNET

NETWORK DESIGN SPECIFIC – NIC


THAT IS DESIGNED FOR A SPECIFIC
TYPE OF NETWORK
NETWORK HUB
Hub is a networking device which is used to connect multiple network
hosts. A network hub is also used to do data transfer. The data is
transferred in terms of packets on a computer network. So when a host
sends a data packet to a network hub, the hub copies the data
packet to all of its ports connected to.

PASSIVE HUB: Sends data to all ports

ACTIVE HUB: Sends data to all ports but


amplifies it
NETWORK SWITCH
A device that sends data through the network but filters the forwarding
to the destination or receiver.
THREE METHODS OF SWITCHING:

1. Store and Forward


2. Cut and Through
3. Fragment Free
Modem (Modulator-
Demodulator)
is a hardware device that converts data into a format suitable for
a transmission medium so that it can be transmitted from computer to
computer (historically over telephone wires).
PC to PC Communication in a Modem is called DTE.
Phone to Phone Communication in a Modem is called
DCE

DTE and DCE types of lines

ANALOG CONNECTION LINE


DIGITAL CONNECTION LINE
TYPES OF
NETWORK
TOPOLOGY
BUS TOPOLOGY

is commonly referred to as a "linear


bus" because all of the nodes are
physically connected in a straight line.
A bus topology has a single backbone
cable to which computers and other
devices are connected. This backbone
is also known as a segment or a trunk.

On a bus topology only one computer


can send data on the bus at any one
time. Therefore, the more computers
added to the bus the more likely that
collisions will take place and this will
have an adverse eff ect on network
performance, ie: the network will be
slower.
STAR TOPOLOGY

In the star network topology, there


is a central computer or server to
which all the workstations are
directly connected. Every
workstation is indirectly connected
to every other through the central
computer.

In the star topology, cables from


each computer are connected to a
central device known as a hub.
Signals are transmitted from the
sending computer through the hub
to all computers on the network.
RING TOPOLOGY

In the ring network topology, the


workstations are connected in a
closed loop configuration. Adjacent
pairs of workstations are directly
connected. Other pairs of
workstations are indirectly
connected, the data passing
through one or more intermediate
nodes.
MESH TOPOLOGY

The mesh network topology employs


either of two schemes, called full
mesh and partial mesh. In the full
mesh topology, each workstation is
connected directly to each of the
others. In the partial mesh topology,
some workstations are connected to
all the others, and some are connected
only to those other nodes with which
they exchange the most data.
TREE TOPOLOGY

The tree network


topology uses two or
more star networks
connected together. The
central computers of the
star networks are
connected to a main bus.
Thus, a tree network is a
bus network of star
networks.
REFERENCES
• https://www.javatpoint.com/what-are-the-disadvantages-of-the-intern
et
• https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/philippines-populatio
n
• https://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm
• Internet Society Chicago Chapter, William F. Slater III
• https://www.computerhope.com/issues/ch001808.htm

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