TEST SERIES VI

P&C TEST V
ABDUR REHMAN KHAN
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 PRECIS
 Precis Title: The Dark Side of US Intervention in the Middle East
 The US was initially viewed optimistically in the Middle East after European
colonialism, but Washington's policies soon mimicked European imperialists,
seeking an "informal empire" that exploited local regimes, established military
bases, and imposed sanctions. This hindered political development, liberalization,
and social change, instead promoting militarism, authoritarianism, and political
Islam. Key events, such as the ouster of Mossadegh and the Suez crisis sparked by
American moves against Nasser, transformed the region's trajectory and
undermined US relations with the Arab and Muslim world. Washington's preference
for backing "authoritarian strongmen" for "stability" persists today, accompanied by
the notion that Islam and Arab culture are incompatible with democracy, shaping
the Middle East's complexion and influencing US regional relations.

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 COMPREHENSION
Amna experienced a sense of liberation and fulfillment,
which is paradoxical given that freelancing is often
associated with uncertainty and instability.
According to Upwork, 63% of companies use freelancers.
The passage doesn't explicitly state why the projected
value of the global gig economy will increase, but it
mentions that the gig economy is "growing and evolving at
a breakneck pace."

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The precarious nature of freelance work in Pakistan is
underlined by the lack of regulation, standardization, and
protection for freelancers, as well as irregular income
streams, isolation, and the need to constantly market oneself.
To address freelancers' challenges in Pakistan, policymakers
are proposed to establish a comprehensive regulatory
framework that safeguards the rights of freelancers, ensures
fair compensation, and provides access to social security
benefits.

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 PUNCTUATION
Today, science is not under threat from religious extremists, but a
greater storm is brewing from the West. Those who mock our
ignorance reverently invoke the names of Heidegger, Michel
Foucault, Jacques Derrida, Lacan, Adorno, Habermas, and
Feyerabend. With grandiose claims, they assert that objective
truth is nonexistent. Not only social sciences, but also natural
sciences, mathematics, and logic are merely social constructs. The
laws of science and the law of gravity are subjective and socially
constructed phenomena. There's no rational difference, they claim,
between African voodoo and quantum physics.

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 MEANING AND SAMPLE
SENTENCES
 Ennui - Eunoia
Ennui (n)
Feeling of listlessness and boredom
 Sentence:
After months of doing the same job, he felt ennui and needed a change.
 Eunoia (n)
Beautiful thinking or a beautiful mind
 Sentence:
Her eunoia inspired innovative solutions to complex problems.

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 Perspicacious
Perspicacious (adj.) having a keen understanding and insight
 Sentence:
As a perspicacious observer, she noticed subtle changes in behavior
 Perfidious (adj) disloyal or treacherous
 Sentence:
The company's perfidious actions led to a massive lawsuit.

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Fastidious - Felicitous
Fastidious (adj): meticulous and demanding in standards
Felicitous (adj): well-suited or apt
Example sentences:
He was fastidious about his appearance, always dressing
impeccably.
Her felicitous remark eased the tension in the room.

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• Heterogeneous (adj.): diverse or composed of different elements-
• Homogeneous (adj.): uniform or composed of identical elements.
• Example sentences:-
The city's heterogeneous population celebrated diverse cultural festivals.-
The homogeneous mixture ensured consistent flavor.
• Inscrutable (adj.): mysterious or difficult to understand-
• Insouciant (adj.): carefree or nonchalant
• Example sentences:-
The ancient hieroglyphics remained inscrutable to the archaeologist.
Her insouciant attitude towards life inspired others.

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• Meritorious (adj.): deserving praise or reward-
• Meticulous (adj.): extremely careful and precise
His meritorious service earned him a prestigious award.
She was meticulous in her research, ensuring accuracy.
• Nefarious (adj.): wicked or evil-
• Nebulous (adj.): vague or unclear
Example sentences:-
The nefarious plot was foiled by the authorities.-
The nebulous concept needed clarification.

Abdur Rehaman Khan

• Vehement- Vigilant (adj.):
• watchful and attentive-
• Vehement (adj.): strongly emotional or forceful
Example sentences:-
The security team remained vigilant throughout the event.
Her vehement denial surprised everyone

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 PREPOSITIONS
• 1. The ambassador met with the president, but refused to comment on the sensitive issue.
• 2. The new employee was overwhelmed by the complexity of the project.
• 3. The tourists got lost in the winding streets of the old city.
• 4. The company's profits soared with the release of their new product.
• Alternate answer:
• The company's profits soared following the release of their new product.
• 5. The teacher emphasized the importance of paying attention to details.
• 6. The athletes competed against each other for the coveted gold medal.
• 7. The researchers collaborated with experts from several countries.
• 8. The hikers struggled through the treacherous terrain.

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 SENTENCE CORRECTION
 Sentence 1: Subject-Verb Agreement Error with Collective NounIncorrect:
The majority of the team are in favor of the proposal.Correct: The majority of
the team is in favor of the proposal.
 Sentence 2: Dangling Modifier Error with Participial PhraseIncorrect:
Having been extensively researched, the conclusion was that the theory was
flawed.Correct: Having extensively researched the theory, we concluded that
it was flawed.
 Sentence 3: Tense Consistency Error with Subjunctive MoodIncorrect: It is
imperative that the report be finished by tomorrow, but they have already
finished it today.Correct: It was imperative that the report be finished by
tomorrow, but they have already finished it today.

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• Sentence 4: Double Negative Error with Correlative
ConjunctionIncorrect: Not only did I not attend the
meeting, but neither did my colleagues.Correct: Not only
did I attend the meeting, but so did my colleagues.
• Sentence 5: Parallel Structure Error with Coordinate
AdjectivesIncorrect: The new employee was efficient,
effective, and had a strong work ethic.
• Correct: The new employee was efficient, effective, and
possessed a strong work ethic.
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• Sentence 6: Pronoun Agreement Error with Indefinite
PronounIncorrect: Each of the students were given their own
laptop.Correct: Each of the students was given his or her own laptop.
• Sentence 7: Modifier Placement Error with Adverbial
ClauseIncorrect: After having studied all night, the exam seemed
easy to us.Correct: After we had studied all night, the exam seemed
easy.
• Sentence 8: Split Infinitive Error with Phrasal VerbIncorrect: The
company plans to gradually phase out the old product line.Correct:
The company plans to phase out the old product line gradually.

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 TRANSLATION
 A long-standing myth had been circulating in Western academic circles that
Karl Marx had written to Charles Darwin, seeking permission to dedicate his
seminal work, "Das Kapital," to the renowned naturalist. However, Darwin
purportedly declined the request. But, in reality, the letter was not penned by
Marx, but rather by the Atheist Society of London. Their intention was to
publish an anti-religious tract and dedicate it to Darwin, but he wisely
sidestepped the controversy. Darwin was loath to wade into religious debates,
and thus, he politely declined, stating that he avoided entanglements in such
matters and wished to spare his family from unpleasant repercussions.This
letter somehow found its way into Engels' archives, where it was misattributed
to Marx. The researcher who initially unearthed this truth was likely Robert
Young.

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• I used idiomatic expressions and figurative language to make the text
more engaging and nuanced:-
• "Long-standing myth" instead of " ‫(چرچا رہ‬circulating discussion)-
"Circulating in Western academic circles" instead of " ‫مغرب کی علمی دنیا‬
‫( "میں‬Western academic world)- "Seminal work" instead of "‫( "کتاب‬book)-
"Purportedly declined" instead of "‫( "انکار کر دیا تھا‬denied)- "Wisely
sidestepped" instead of "‫( "الجھتا تھا‬entangled)- "Loath to wade into"
instead of "‫( "الجھتا تھا‬entangled)- "Polite decline" instead of " ‫معذرت کرتے‬
‫( "ہوئے لکھا‬wrote with apology)- "Unpleasant repercussions" instead of
"‫( "ناخوشگوار نتائج‬unpleasant consequences)- "Misattributed" instead of
"‫( "غلطی سے قرار دے دیا‬mistakenly declared)

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Abdur Rehman Khan 03421895533