1. What is power BI?

Power BI is a business analytics tool. It is used to create business

reports and dashboards with
better data visualizations. It is much faster than Excel in terms of
processing.
 Power BI Desktop - It is a desktop application for computers.
 Power BI Service - It is available online and can be accessed on
any browser.
 Power BI Apps - Available on Android & iOS platform for
mobile devices.
2. What is data modeling in power BI
o Data Modeling is the process of creating a data model. These Data
Models defines the
data structure, properties and relation.
o A data model can be of different types. Some types of data models
are the Hierarchical
Model, Relations Model, Network Model, Entity-Relationship Model
and many more.
o For Power BI, we will be more focused on the Entity-Relationship
Model
3. What is entity relationship model?
Entity is an object, subject, event. ER model is the
relationship between multiple entities. These
models are known as ER model. Types of keys:
 Primary key: unique key which doesn’t repeat in
report.
 Foreign key: that make a relation to another
table.
4. What is cardinality?
It defines the number of relations between one table to another
table.
There are 3 types:
1. One to one cardinality: one entity attribute creates only one
connection.
2. One to many cardinalities: one entity creates multiple connection
with other attribute.
3. Many to many cardinalities: multiple entity from one table
creates multiple relation with
other table.
5. Getting familiar with power BI (how to download and use)?
You can use power BI in 2 ways. First method is using power BI on your desktop
another method use power BI service online using browser.
Power BI desktop provides more tools and features than power BI services.
Step 1: Install power BI desktop: download power BI desktop application from
Microsoft official store.
 You need corporate / school email address to sign-up for power BI. If you don’t
have create a free Microsoft azure portal.
Step 2: know your workspace:
 Sign up for power BI using corporate email address or azure portal account.
 This will be the name of your project
 You will see the following menu:
1. Report tab: where you can see created visualization and report
2. Data tab: create and manage data that you have imported in Power BI
3. Model tab: it will help you to manage data models and relationship
Step 3: import sample data:
 Importing Data in Power BI:
 Go to ‘Home' menu from top.
 Click 'Get Data' to choose your import method.
 Processing takes time; results appear on screen.
 If data is loaded correctly, hit 'Load.'
 To make changes, click 'Transform Data.
Step 4: Data models in power BI:
 Power BI detect all the possible relations between different sets of
data.
 After the data imported is complete, visit the “model “tab from
left side. You can create
and modify this default relationship created by power BI
After clicking on 'Manage Relationship’ the things you can do with these relations
are:
1. New - This option will help you create a new relationship between tables.
2. Autodetect-Using this option, Power BI automatically detects the relationship
between
data present in tables.
3. Edit -This option will help you to edit your data relationship.
4. Delete- It deletes the selected relationship between the tables.
Now after clicking on 'New' or 'Edit', a similar screen will appear. The purpose of all
the options
are:
 The first drop-down menu will allow you to select your table
 The selection in the second drop-down menu will create a relation from the first
table the
second.
 You will select the Cardinality relation.
 you can select the direction of the relationship as 'Single' or from 'Both'
step 5: Calculate and Measure Data: visit data tab from the left
menu here you will find tool to
calculate data
step 6: create visualization: you can also create and manage data
model in power bi

6. What is data visualization?

Data visualization is the process of transforming data into charts,
image, graphs and even video that
explain the number and allow us to gain insights from it.
7. How to manage workspace and datasets in power BI?
You can manage in two ways:
 Shared capacity limit
 Premium capacity limit
1. Shared capacity limit:
 Per workspace storage limit 10GB
 Premium per user(ppu) have 100TB storage limit.
 When you are using pro license, the total usage can’t exceed storage
limit of
10GB multiplied by the number of pro licenses.
2. Premium capacity limit
 Limit of 100TB per premium capacity
 There is no per user storage limit
8. What is included in storage?
 Own data set, excel report, and those items that
someone shared with you.
 Excel ranges pinned to a dashboard.
 Reporting service pinned to power BI
 Upload images including services dataset such as
salesforce.
9. How to manage your items?
 To manage your own storage, go to my workspace on the navigation
pane
 Select the setting icon in the upper right corner
 Then select settings> manage personal storage.
 In the top you can see storage limit.
Dataset and report are separated in 2 tabs
a. Owned by me: you’ve uploaded these report and datasets to your
power BI account
b. Owned by others: other have shared these report and dataset with
you.
To delete dataset or report select trash icon.
10. How to manage your workspace?
 Select the arrow next to workspace and select the name of the workspace.
 Select the settings icon in upper right corner. Then select setting> manage
group storage.
 The top bar shows how much of group storage limit is used.
Dataset and report are separated in 2 tabs
a. Owned by me: you or someone else has uploaded these report and dataset to
the
group
b. Owned by others: others have shared these report and dataset with your
group.
To delete a dataset or report, select the trash can icon
 Data set limits: 1GB limit per dataset that is imported into power BI unless
the workspace is in a power BI premium capacity.
What is key influencers visualization?
The Key Influencers visualization in Power BI is like a smart tool that
helps you figure out what factors are affecting a specific thing, such as
sales or profits, in your data. It uses artificial intelligence to analyze
patterns and shows you the key contributors visually, making it easier for
you to understand what's driving important metrics in your business.

When to use key influencers?

 See which factors affect the metric being analyzed.
Write the features of key influencers?
1. Tabs:
 Tabs are like different sections you can click on to see different information.
 Key influencers tab shows who contribute the most to a chosen metric.
 Top segments tab shows the main groups affecting the chosen metric.
2. Drop-down box:
 It's a box you can click to choose what you want to focus on.
 Example: If "Rating" is the metric, you can pick "Low" from the drop-down
to see info related to low ratings.
3. Restatement:
 It helps you understand what you're looking at.
 It's like a guide that explains the visual on the left pane
4. Left pane:
 This is where you see the main visual, like a list of the top key
influencers.
 It's the first thing you see on the screen.
5. Restatement:
 Another guide, but this one explains the visual on the right pane.
 Helps you understand the chart or visual on the right side of the
screen.
6. Right pane:
 The area on the right side with another visual, like a column
chart.
 It displays details about the key influencer chosen in the left
pane.
7. Average line:
 It's a line showing the average for all values except
the selected one (like usability).
 Example: Tells you what percentage of other
themes had a low rating.
8. Check box:
 It's like a filter that lets you see specific values in
the right pane.
 If you check "usability, security, and navigation,"
you only see info related to
those areas.
Write a note on Data Analytics?
 Data analytics is the science of analyzing raw data to make conclusions about
that information.
 Data analytics help a business optimize its performance, perform more
efficiently, maximize profit, or make more strategically-guided decisions.
 The techniques and processes of data analytics have been automated into
mechanical processes and algorithms that work over raw data for human
consumption.
 Various approaches to data analytics include looking at what happened
(descriptive analytics), why something happened (diagnostic analytics), what is
going to happen(predictive analytics), or what should be done next (prescriptive
analytics).
 Data analytics relies on a variety of software tools ranging from spreadsheets,
data visualization, and reporting tools, data mining programs, or open-source
languages for the greatest data manipulation.
Explain the process of data Analysis.
1. Prepare: Data preparation is the process of taking raw data and turning it into
information that is trusted and understandable. It involves, among other things,
ensuring the integrity of the data, correcting wrong or inaccurate data, identifying
missing data, converting data from one structure to another or from one type to
another.
2. Model: When the data is in a proper state, it's ready to be modeled. Data modeling
is the process of determining how your tables are related to each other. This process
is done by defining and creating relationships between the tables.
3. Visualize: By using appropriate visualizations and interactions, you can provide an
effective report that guides the reader through the content quickly and efficiently,
therefore allowing the reader to follow a narrative into the data. The ultimate goal of
the visualize task is to solve business problems.
4. Analyze: The analyze task is the important step of understanding and
interpreting the information that is displayed on the report. In your role as
a data analyst, you should understand the analytical capabilities of Power
BI and use those capabilities to find insights, identify patterns and trends,
predict outcomes, and then communicate those insights in a way that
everyone can understand.
5. Manage: The management of your content helps to foster collaboration
between teams and individuals. Sharing and discovery of your content is
important for the right people to get the answers that they need. It is also
important to help ensure that items are secure.
what is power BI smart narratives?
 The smart narrative visualization helps you
quickly summarize visuals and reports. It
provides relevant innovative insights that you
can customize.
 In power point instead of posting screenshot
of your report you can add narratives that are
updated with every refresh
what are the consideration and limitations of power bi smart
narratives?
1. Pinning to a dashboard: You can't stick this feature to a
dashboard.
2. Dynamic values and conditional formatting: You can't use
changing values or special formatting tricks.
3. Publish to Web: Can’t share it on the web directly.
4. Power BI Report Server: Not for a specific reporting server.
5. Live Connection to Azure/SQL Analysis Services: Can't link
directly to certain data services.
6. Multidimensional Analysis Services data sources: Certain
complex data setups won’t work.
7. Key influencers visual: Some features won't work with certain
types of data or visualizations.
8. Map visual with non-aggregated latitude or longitude: Maps
need specific types of data.
9. Multi-row card with lots of categories or non-numeric info:
Too much detail might not work.
10. Tables, matrices, R visuals, Python visuals, custom visuals:
Certain types of visual elements won't function as expected.
11. Summaries of visuals with complicated setups: Complex
visual summaries might not show correctly.
12. Cross-filtering out of a visual: Can't easily change the filters
from one visual to affect another.
13. Renaming dynamic values or editing automatic
values: Limited ability to change certain names or
values.
14. Summaries of visuals with on-the-fly
calculations: Quick calculations might not always
work perfectly.
15.Calculation groups: Specific advanced
calculations might not be supported.
Why is machine learning important?
Machine learning is crucial because it allows us to
make predictions and inferences based on data
patterns. The increasing volume of data generated in
our daily lives, from various sources like devices,
applications, and sensors, presents an opportunity to
improve decision-making and operations.
What are the three main types of machine learning?
The three main types of machine learning are
Supervised Learning
Unsupervised Learning
Reinforcement Learning
1. Supervised Learning:
 In supervised learning, the existing data has a known outcome
or label.
 This labeled data is used to train the model, where the label
represents the output,
we want the model to predict for new data.
 Features are the input data used to train the model.
 It's suitable when you have existing data with both features and
labels.
2. Unsupervised Learning:
 Unsupervised learning deals with data where the outcome or
label is not known.
 Instead of predicting specific outcomes, it focuses on
understanding the structure
of the data and finding commonalities or patterns.
 This type is used when you want to discover unknown aspects of
your data.
3. Reinforcement Learning
 Reinforcement learning improves model outcomes through
feedback.
 Unlike supervised learning, it doesn't rely on labeled data.
 An agent, a computer program, assesses the model's outcomes
and provides feedback to enhance its performance