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ICT Lecture

ICT Lecture

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14 views

ICT Lecture

ICT Lecture

Uploaded by

qamarjokhio965
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to

Computers & ICT


A COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW
PRESENTED BY: QAMAR UL ISLAM JOKHIO
What is a Computer?

 A computer is an electronic device that processes data and performs


tasks according to a set of instructions (programs).

 Key Functions:
 1. Data Processing: Organizes and calculates data.
 2. Information Storage: Saves data for future use.
 3. Automation: Executes tasks automatically.
Examples of Computers

 1. Desktop Computer – Used in offices and homes for various tasks.

 2. Laptop – Portable version of a desktop computer.

 3. Smartphone – A mobile device that functions as a computer.


Hardware and Software

 Definition:

 - Hardware: The physical components of a computer (e.g., Keyboard,


Mouse, LCD, System unit).

 - Software: Programs or applications that run on a computer (e.g.,


Operating systems, Applications).
Types of Software

 1. System Software: Manages and controls hardware


(e.g., Windows, Linux, Mac OS).

 2. Application Software: Performs specific tasks for users


(e.g., MS Office, Photoshop, Google Chrome).

 3. Utility Software: Helps manage, maintain, and optimize the


computer (e.g., Antivirus, Disk cleaner, Backup software).
Input Devices

 Definition: Devices that allow users to input data into a computer.

 1. Keyboard – Used for typing text.

 2. Mouse – A pointing device used to interact with the computer screen.

 3. Scanner – Captures images and text from physical documents.


Output Devices

 Definition: Devices that display or produce the result of processed data.

 1. Monitor (LCD) – Displays visual output from the computer.

 2. Printer – Produces a hard copy of a document or image.

 3. Speakers – Produce sound output from the computer.


Keyboard, Mouse, LCD, and System
Unit

 1. Keyboard: Input device used to type text or commands.

 2. Mouse: Input device used to point, click, and interact with items on the
screen.

 3. LCD (Liquid Crystal Display): Output device used to display images,


videos, and text on the screen.

 4. System Unit: The main housing of the computer that contains the CPU,
memory, and storage devices.
Generations of Computers

 First Generation (1940-1956):


 - Technology: Vacuum Tubes.
 - Example: ENIAC.
 - Characteristics: Large, slow, high power consumption.

 Second Generation (1956-1963):


 - Technology: Transistors.
 - Example: IBM 7090.
 - Characteristics: Smaller, faster, more reliable than the first generation.
Generations of Computers

 Third Generation (1964-1971):


 Technology: Integrated Circuits (ICs).
 Example: IBM 360.
 Characteristics: Smaller, more powerful, lower cost.

 Fourth Generation (1971-Present):


 Technology: Microprocessors.
 Example: Personal computers (e.g., Apple Mac, IBM PC).
 Characteristics: Very powerful, cost-effective, and compact.
Generations of Computers

 Fifth Generation (Present and Beyond):


 Technology: Artificial Intelligence (AI), Quantum Computing.
 Example: Supercomputers, AI-enabled devices.
 Characteristics: Focus on AI, machine learning, and quantum
computing for solving complex problems.
Wires and Cables of Computers

 Wires and cables are essential components that allow the transmission
of data and power between computer hardware.
 They connect the system unit to external devices, ensuring the proper
functioning of the system.
Types of Wires and Cables

 1. Power Cables: AC Power Cable, Power Supply Cable.


 2. Data Cables: USB Cable, HDMI Cable, SATA Cable.
 3. Network Cables: Ethernet Cable (RJ45), Fiber Optic Cable.
 4. Peripheral Cables: VGA Cable, DisplayPort Cable.

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