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1 - Stats

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21 views32 pages

1 - Stats

Uploaded by

atosjoan621
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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_ _ _ _

_ A _ A
D A T A
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ T _ _ _ S T _ _ S
S T A T I S T I C S
QUARTER 1

STATISTICS 8
MODULE 1:
QUARTER 1

INTRODUCTION
TO STATISTICS
MODULE 1:
Objectives

At the end of the lesson, the


students are able:

• define Statistics
• enumerates the applications of
Statistics in real life
• differentiates the two types of Statistics
• define some terms related in Statistics
What is Statistics?

Statistics is a scientific body of knowledge that


deals with the collection, organization or
presentation, analysis, and interpretation of
data.
Basic steps

• Collection – refers to the gathering


of information or data.
• Organization/Presentation – involves
summarizing of data or information.
• Analysis – involves describing the
data by using statistical methods and
procedures.
• Interpretation – refers to the process
of making conclusions based on the
analyzed data.
Applications of Statistics

In Business

Statistics in business is used


to summarize and describe
those data such as the
number of sales, expenditures
to understand and determine
the status of the business.
Applications of Statistics

In Government

Public opinion and election


polls are commonly used to
assess the opinions or
preferences of the public.
Statistics plays an important
role in conducting surveys or
interviews for that purpose.
Applications of Statistics

In Education
Through statistical tools, a
teacher can determine the
effective of a particular
method by analyzing the
scores obtained by the
students. Results of this study
may be used to improve
teaching learning activities.
Applications of Statistics

In Medecine
Statistics is also used in
determining the effectiveness of
a new drug product in treating a
particular type of disease. An
experiment or a clinical trial is
conducted. The results are
analyzed statistically to find out
if the new product is more
effective .
TWO TYPES OF
STATISTICS

DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
- It is a statistical procedure concerned
with describing the characteristics and
properties of a group of persons, places or
things.

Examples:
•How many are poor or rich?
•Number of families in a particular
barangay
•Number of professional teachers teaching
in private school in a certain province
•Number of siblings in each household
TWO TYPES OF
STATISTICS

INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
- It is a statistical procedure that is used to
draw inferences or information about the
properties or characteristics obtained from
a small portion of a large group.

Examples:
•The effectiveness of different vaccines
against COVID – 19
•The most effective teaching method for
Grade 8 students
TERMINOLOGIES IN
STATISTICS

POPULATION
– It refers to a large collection of
objects, persons, places or things. A
population is usually denoted or
represented by N.

Examples:
• Total number of teachers in SFDSS
• All citizens in the Philippines
• Total number of barangay in San
Pedro
TERMINOLOGIES IN
STATISTICS
SAMPLE
– It is a small portion or part of a
population. It could also defined as a
subgroup, subset or a representative of
a population.

Examples:
• Number of teachers in Mathematics
of SFDSS
• Top 10 students in every section
• Citizens living in Laguna
TERMINOLOGIES IN
STATISTICS
PARAMETER
– It is any numerical or nominal
characteristic of a population. It is a
value or measurement obtained from a
population. It is usually referred to as
the true or actual value.
TERMINOLOGIES IN
STATISTICS
STATISTIC
– It is an estimate of a parameter. It is
any value or measurement obtained
from a sample.
TERMINOLOGIES IN
STATISTICS
DATA
– These are facts, or a set of
information or observation under a
study. More specifically, data are
gathered by the researcher from a
population or from a sample. Data
classified into two types, qualitative and
quantitative.
Qualitative Quantitative
data data
– These are data – These are data
which can assume
values that TWO which are
numerical in
manifest the
concept of abilities. TYPES OF nature. These are
data obtained
These are
sometimes called
DATA from counting or
as categorical
measuring.
data.

• Favorite color - Nationality • Test Scores - Temperature


• Gender - Civil Status • Height - Birth Rates
TERMINOLOGIES IN
STATISTICS
VARIABLE
– It is a characteristic or property
of a population or sample which
makes the members different from
each other. Variables may be
classified on the basis of whether
they are discrete or continuous.
Quantitative
Discrete data
– A variable that – A variable that
can assume a finite can assume
number of values TYPES infinite values.
(specific values).
These are OF These are
obtained through
obtained through
the process of VARIABLES measuring.
counting.

• Number of students • Height


• Number of heads obtained in tossing a coin • Temperature
• Test scores • Length
Any Questions?
Activities
Activity 1: Tell whether the following situations is an example of
descriptive statistics or inferential statistics. Write DESCRIPTIVE if the
situation shows a descriptive statistics and INFERENTIAL if the
situation shows an inferential statistics.
_________________1. A teacher computes the average grade of her
students and then determines the top ten students.
_________________2. A manager of a business firm predicts future sales
of the company based on their present sales.
_________________3. A psychologist investigates if there is a significant
relationship between mental age and chronological age.
_________________4. A researcher studies the effectiveness of a new
fertilizer to increasing food production.
Activities
_________________5. A janitor counts the number of various furniture
inside the school.
_________________6. A sports journalist determines the most popular
basketball player for this year.
_________________7. A school administrator forecast future expansion
of a school.
_________________8. A market vendor investigates the most popular
brand of vinegar.
_________________9. An engineer calculates the average height of the
buildings along Taft Avenue.
_________________10. A dermatologist tests the relative effectiveness
of a new brand of medicine in curing pimples and other skin
diseases.
Activities
Activity 2: Write P if the given example describes a
population or S if it describes a sample. Put your answer
on the space provided.

_____1. Total number of islands in the Philippines.


_____2. Five representatives from each section.
_____3. Part of a cake
_____4. All students of SFDSS
_____5. Three colors in a rainbow
Activities
Activity 3: Classify the following data as quantitative data
or qualitative data. Put QN if quantitative data or QL if
qualitative data. Put your answer on the space provided.

_____6. Color of the eye


_____7. Scores in Statistics quiz
_____8. Speed of a car
_____9. Address
_____10. Size of a t-shirt
Activities
Activity 4: Identify each of the following as continuous or
discrete variable. Write C if continuous and D if discrete.
Put your answer on the space provided.

_____11. Dimension of a table


_____12. Number of teachers in SFDSS
_____13. Speed
_____14. Number of houses in a certain block
_____15. Land area

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