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Cascade Control

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Affan Ahmmed
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23 views18 pages

Cascade Control

Uploaded by

Affan Ahmmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cascade Control

Benefit of cascade control


(comparing with ordinary single loop control):

Faster (more effective) compensation of


process disturbances.
Review: Single-loop control system

Actuator
Disturbance
(typically)
d
Controller Process
y1SP e u y Process
C1 P2 P1 output
Setpoint variable

ym
F S

Filter Sensor
4

Improved structure with faster (more effective)


disturbance compensation:
Cascade control system
Secondary
Actuator
(internal)
(typically) Disturbance process
Primary Secondary d variable
(or master) (or slave)
Process
controller controller
y1SP e u1 = y2SP u y2 y1 Primary
C1 C2 P2 P1 process
Setpoint variable
y2m
F2 S2
Secondary loop
Filters Sensors
y1m
F1 S1
Primary loop
Interpretation:
With cascade control, the original actuator
is substituted by a "new" well-behaving" actuator:
· Controlled («c») actuator
· Well-behaving actuator
· «New» actuator

y1SP e u1 = y2SP = u y2 y1
C1 P2,c P1

y1m
F1 S1
Primary loop
Controller tuning:
1. First, tune the secondary controller (with the
primary controller in Manual mode).

2. Then, tune the primary controller (with the


secondary controller in Auto mode).
CASCADE CONTROL

• Cascade Control Systems contain integrated


sets of control loops
Primary Loop

Secondary Loop
• Primary loop monitors the control variable and
uses deviation from its setpoint to provide an
output to the secondary loop.
• Secondary loop receives its setpoint from the
primary loop and controls the reference variable
accordingly.
• Secondary loop must have faster dynamics than
outer loop. P controller is used here.
• Primary controller should have integral term to
eliminate offset
CASCADE CONTROL
Temperature Control- Single loop system
Temperature Control- Cascade control
Temperature Control- Cascade control
Temperature Control- Cascade control
For transfer function relating C to U
Problem statement

• Design a single loop control and cascade control


for the following system and compare the
regulatory responses using the following
performance measures (i) IAE (ii) ISE.

1 1
G (s) 
(s  1) (s 2  1.33s  2)
SIMULATION RESULTS OF CASCADE
AND SINGLE LOOP CONTROL
Single loop control
CLOSED LOOP TUNING

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