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Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering: Owc Presentation: "Frequency Division Multiple Access"

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15 views9 pages

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering: Owc Presentation: "Frequency Division Multiple Access"

Uploaded by

As Venkivenkatesh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Department of Electronics &

Communication Engineering

OWC PRESENTATION:

“Frequency Division Multiple Access”

Manikant Raddi [1CD21EC070]

Maski Shreeharsha [1CD21EC077]

Pramod [1CD21EC114 ]

Nitin Babu[1CD21EC102]

Under The Guidance Of


Prof.Veerappa
www.cambridge.edu.in
Introduction to FDMA
•Definition: Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) is a technique that allows multiple users to
communicate simultaneously by assigning them distinct frequency channels within a shared bandwidth. Each
user transmits on a unique frequency band.

•Purpose: FDMA is primarily used to maximize the use of available bandwidth in communication systems,
ensuring each user has a dedicated portion of the frequency spectrum to avoid interference.

•Basic Principle:
• The available frequency spectrum is divided into several non-overlapping frequency bands.
• Each band, or "channel," is allocated to a single user for the duration of their communication session.
• Because of this, FDMA is known for its simplicity and reliability in analog systems.

•Applications: FDMA was widely used in early analog mobile networks (such as AMPS) and remains relevant in
satellite and broadcasting systems due to its low-latency, continuous transmission capability.

Department of Electronics and Communication www.cambridge.edu.in


The Concept Of FDMA:

Department of Electronics and Communication www.cambridge.edu.in


The Basic Structure Of An FDMA System:
•Frequency Spectrum Division:
•The total available bandwidth is divided into multiple, non-overlapping frequency channels.

•Channel Allocation:
•Each user is assigned a specific frequency channel for the duration of their communication session.
•Channels are dedicated and do not change dynamically once assigned.

•Guard Bands:
•Small gaps, called guard bands, are added between channels to prevent interference between adjacent frequencies.

•Modulation:
•Each frequency channel is modulated separately, typically using analog modulation techniques, though digital
methods can also be used.

•Transmitter:
•Each user’s transmitter operates on their assigned frequency channel, sending data without time-sharing.

Department of Electronics and Communication www.cambridge.edu.in


•Receiver:
•The receiver is tuned to the specific frequency
of the assigned channel, filtering out signals
from other frequencies.

•Multiplexing and Demultiplexing:


•The system uses multiplexers at the transmitter
end and demultiplexers at the receiver end to
handle multiple channels simultaneously.

•Dedicated Continuous Transmission:


•Users maintain uninterrupted, dedicated
access to their assigned channels until they
complete their communication session.

Department of Electronics and Communication www.cambridge.edu.in


The Structure Of Forward And Reverse
Channels In FDMA: • Forward Channel (Downlink)
1. Definition: The forward channel transmits
signals from the base station to the mobile
users.
2. Frequency Allocation: A specific frequency
band is allocated for the forward channel,
separated from the reverse channel
frequencies to avoid interference.
3. Multiple Channels: The forward link consists
of multiple frequency channels, each
designated for individual users.
4. Broadcast Nature: The base station
broadcasts data on each frequency channel,
and only the intended recipient tunes into its
allocated channel.
5. Guard Bands: Guard bands are maintained
between forward channels to prevent
interference with adjacent channels.

Department of Electronics and Communication www.cambridge.edu.in


• Reverse Channel (Uplink)
1.Definition: The reverse channel transmits signals from the mobile user back
to the base station.
2.Separate Frequency Band: A separate set of frequencies is designated for
reverse channels to prevent interference with the forward channels.
3.Individual Channels per User: Each user transmits on an assigned frequency
in the reverse link, ensuring dedicated access to avoid cross-communication.
4.Guard Bands: Similar to the forward channel, guard bands are implemented
between reverse channels for interference reduction.
5.Power Control: Users adjust their transmission power to maintain clarity,
especially when multiple users are within range of the same base station.
Department of Electronics and Communication www.cambridge.edu.in
Guard Band In FDMA Channels:

In FDMA, a guard band plays a critical role in ensuring clear communication by minimizing interference
between adjacent frequency channels. Here’s a quick overview:
1.Definition: A guard band is an unused frequency space placed between adjacent channels in an FDMA
system.
2.Purpose:
•To prevent inter-channel interference (crosstalk) by creating a buffer zone.
•To ensure that signals on one channel don’t overlap with those on neighboring channels.
3.Characteristics:
•The guard band width is typically small relative to the data-carrying channels but must be sufficient to
prevent overlap given potential signal distortions.
•The size of the guard band can affect the overall spectrum efficiency: a larger guard band reduces
interference but also limits the number of usable channels within a given bandwidth.
4.Implementation:
•Guard bands are carefully calculated based on factors like transmission power, modulation method, and
signal distortions.

Department of Electronics and Communication www.cambridge.edu.in


Thank YOU

Department of Electronics and Communication www.cambridge.edu.in

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