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Lesson 4 - Force and Acceleration Part 1

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GIOVANI JOSON
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13 views

Lesson 4 - Force and Acceleration Part 1

Uploaded by

GIOVANI JOSON
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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FORCE AND ACCELERATION

PART 1: RECTILINEAR
MOTION
NEWTON’S SECOND LAW OF
MOTION
Kinetics is a branch of dynamics that deals with the relationship
between the change in motion of a body and the forces that cause
this change. The basis for kinetics is Newton’s second law, which states
that when an unbalanced force acts on a particle, the particle will
accelerate in thedirection of the force with a magnitude that is
proportional to the force
DIFFERENT SCOPES OF
MECHANICS
UNIVERSAL LAW OF
GRAVITATION
Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation states that every particle attracts
every other particle in the universe with force directly proportional to
the product of the masses and inversely proportional to the square of
the distance between them
UNIVERSAL LAW OF
GRAVITATION
Where:
m1 – Mass of the first object
m2 – Mass of the second object
r - Distance between the two objects
G – Constant Proportionality
G = 6.673 x 10^-11 Nm^2/kg^2
F – Force of Attraction
EXAMPLE 1
EXAMPLE 2
Calculate the force of Attraction between the earth and the sun?

Mass of earth = 5.972 x 10^24 kg


Mass of sun = 1.989 x 10^30 kg
Radius of earth = 6371 km
Radius of sun = 696,340 km
EQUATION OF MOTIONS
When more than one force acts on a particle, the resultant force is
determined by a vector summation of all the forces
Inertial Reference Frame
When applying the equation of motion, it is important that the
acceleration of the particle be measured with respect to a reference
frame that is either fixed or translates with a constant velocity
Inertial Reference Frame
When studying the motions of rockets and satellites, it is justifiable to
consider the inertial reference frame as fixed to the stars, whereas
dynamics problems concerned with motions on or near the surface of
the earth may be solved by using an inertial frame which is assumed
fixed to the earth.
Equation of Motion for a System
of Particles
The sum of the external forces acting on the system of particles is
equal to the total mass of the particles times the acceleration of its
center of mass G
Equations of Motion:
Rectangular
Coordinates
When a particle moves relative to an inertial x, y, z frame of reference,
the forces acting on the particle, as well as its acceleration, can be
expressed in terms of their i, j, k components
EXAMPLE 4
The 60-kg crate shown in figure rests on a horizontal surface for
which the coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.5. If the crate is
subjected to a 400-N towing force as shown, determine the velocity of
the crate in 5 s starting from rest
EXAMPLE 5
A 15-kg projectile is fired vertically upward from the ground, with an
initial velocity of 80 m/s in figure. Determine the maximum height
to which it will travel if (a) atmospheric resistance is neglected; and
(b) atmospheric resistance is measured as Fd = (0.08v^2) N, where v is
the speed of the projectile at any instant, measured in m/s.
EXAMPLE 6
The baggage truck A shown in the photo has a mass of 450 kg and tows
a 275-kg cart B and a 160-kg cart C. For a short time the driving
frictional force developed at the wheels of the truck is Fa = (100t) N,
where t is in seconds. If the truck starts from rest, determine its speed
in 4 seconds. Also, what is the horizontal force acting on the coupling
between the truck and cart B at this instant? Neglect the size of the
truck and carts
EXAMPLE 7
Mass of the copper = 3 kg
Mass of aluminum = 8 kg
Angle of inclination = 50 degrees
Coefficient of Kinetic Friction = 0.3

Determine:
A. Tension of the Rope
B. Acceleration
TRY THIS !!
A smooth 3-kg collar, shown in Figure, is attached to a spring
having a stiffness k = 3 N/m and an unstretched length of 0.75 m. If
the collar is released from rest at A, determine its acceleration and the
normal force of the rod on the collar at the instant y = 1.5 m

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