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Three Component System Sakshi Perlawar

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84 views12 pages

Three Component System Sakshi Perlawar

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Sakshi
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RASHTRASANT TUKDOJI MAHARAJ NAGPUR

UNIVERSITY

Kamla Nehru Mahavidyalaya Sakkardara , Nagpur

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY

Seminar by : Miss Sakshi Sharad


Perlawar
Class: M.Sc Chemistry 1 year
Seminar Topic: Three Component
System
Guided by: Dr Mamta Wagh Ma’am
Three Component System
1. For a three component system, the phase rule
becomes F = 5 – P
2. A system having only one phase, the phase diagram
must illustrate four variables which is difficult.
3. Hence Pressure P & Temperature T fixed for a given
diagram.
4. The relative amounts of the three component
usually shown as percentages by mass can be
shown on the triangular plot.
1.The corners of the triangle
labelled A, B and C
correspond to the pure
components A, B and C
respectively.
2.The side of the triangle
opposite the corner labelled
A, for instance implies the
absence of A.
3.Thus, the horizontal lines
across the triangle show Fig.1 Representation of the
increasing percentage of A three component system
from zero at the base to
100% at the apex.
4. Similarly the percentages of B and C are
given by the distances from the other
two sides to the remaining two Apices.

5. The total composition is always 100%


because of the geometrical result that
the sum of the three perpendicular
distances from any point to the three
sides of the triangle is always equal to
the height of the triangle.

6. The simplest three component systems


are those in which a liquid system
breaks down into two phases.
Acetic Acid, Chloroform & Water System
[CH3COOH-CHCL3-H2O SYSTEM]
1. CHCL3-H20 are partially miscible and hence forms
two different layers each saturated with the other
component.
2. The first layer will be having saturation solution of
water in chloroform represented as “ b” & in another
layer we will get saturation solution of chloroform in
water represented as “c” in the given fig.2
• In case of Phenol Water System , we increased
Temperature and with Increasing T the mutual solubility
of the system increased. And the highest miscibility
temperature was termed as Critical Solution Temperature
CST or Upper Consulate Temperature.
• But in this system of CHCL3-CH3COOH-H2O, we aren’t
changing the T. Here in the three component system we
add the third component i.e Acetic acid without
changing the temperature and this third component is
miscible both the liquids.
• When a third substance is added in a heterogeneous
solution having two different layers and that substance is
soluble in both the layers then it favours the mutual
solubility of the system.
• The % of water will increase in the saturated
solution of water in chloroform and similarly
the % of chloroform will increase in
saturated solution of chloroform in water.
• Due to this the points “b & c” will shift their
positions and hence we will get tie lines .
• On increasing the amount of CH3COOH
added in the system the shorter will be the
distance between the tie lines until these tie
lines get merge to form a point.
• That unique point on the two phase boundary is
shown by “d”. This point is called the isothermal
critical point / The plait point.
• The feature of this point is that it’s composition
is identical for both layers.
• The plait point will be either towards left hand or
right hand side depending upon the partial
solubility of A in B & C.
• Any solution (mixture ) outside the curve will be
homogeneous and inside it will be
heterogeneous.
• Application of phase
rule to a system
corresponding to a
point in the two phase
region gives F = 3.

• The three degrees of


freedom can be
accounted by P , T and Fig. 2. The three component system
one composition consisting of Acetic acid-chloroform-
variable.
water at 1 atm pressure.
i] A is more miscible in C
ii] A is more miscible in B
iii] A is equally miscible in B &C.
Reference

1. Textbook of Physical Chemistry By Puri Sharma Pathania


2. Essentials of Physical Chemistry By S.Chand
Thank you

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