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Lec 9

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Qaisar Ajaz
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17 views17 pages

Lec 9

Uploaded by

Qaisar Ajaz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Describing Storage Devices

 Storage terms
 Media is the material storing data
 Storage devices manage the media
 Magnetic devices use a magnet
 Optical devices use lasers
 Solid-state devices have physical switches
Magnetic Storage Devices
 Data storage and retrieval
 Media is covered with iron oxide
 Read/write head is a magnet
 Magnet writes charges on the media
 Positivecharge is a 1
 Negative charge is a 0

 Magnet reads charges


 Drive converts charges into binary
Data Retrieval
Magnetic Storage Devices
 Data organization
 Disks must be formatted before use
 Format draws tracks on the disk
 Tracks is divided into sectors
 Amount of data a drive can read
Tracks and Sectors
Magnetic Storage Devices
 Finding data on disk
 Each track and sector is labeled
 Some are reserved
 Listing of where files are stored
 File
Allocation Table (FAT)
 FAT32
 NTFS (New Technology File System)

 Data is organized in clusters


 Size of data the OS handles
Magnetic Storage Devices
 Hard disks
 Primary storage device in a computer
 2 or more aluminum platters
 Each platter has 2 sides
 Spin between 5,400 to 15,000 RPM
 Data found in 9.5 ms or less
 Drive capacity greater than 40 GB
Illustrated Hard Disk
Optical Storage Devices
 CD-ROM
 Most software ships on a CD
 Read using a laser
 Lands, binary 1, reflect data
 Pits scatter data
 Written from the inside out
 CD speed is based on the original
 OriginalCD read 150 Kbps
 A 10 X will read 1,500 Kbps
 Standard CD holds 650 MB
Optical Storage Devices
 DVD-ROM
 Digital Video Disk
 Use both sides of the disk
 Capacities can reach 18 GB
 DVD players can read CDs
Solid State Devices
 Data is stored physically
 No magnets or laser
 Very fast
Drive Performance
 Average access time
 Also known as seek time
 Time to find desired data
 Measured in milliseconds
 Depends on two factors
 RPM
 Time to access a track
 Hard drive between 6 and 12 ms
 CD between 80 and 800 ms
Drive Performance
 Data transfer rate
 How fast data can be read
 Measured in Bps or bps
 Hard drive ranges from 15 to 160 MBps
 CD ROMS depend on X factor
 24x CD transfers 24 x 150 KBps
 Floppy disks transfer at 45 KBps
Optimizing Performance
 Disk optimization
 Handled by operating system tool
 Routine disk maintenance
 Optimization should be run monthly
Optimizing Performance
 Clean up unnecessary files
 Delete temp files
 Uninstall unused programs
 Delete obsolete data files
 Files should be cleaned weekly
 Scan a disk for errors
 Defragment a disk
Optimizing Performance
 File compression
 Shrinks the size of a file
 Takes up less space on disk
 Reduce a disks performance
 Will increase disk capacity
 PKZip, WinZip and WinRAR
File Compression

763 KB
on disk

Compressed
157 KB

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