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Nervous System Week 3

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17 views31 pages

Nervous System Week 3

Uploaded by

Rica Garrido
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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NERVOUS SYSTEM

Science 10 – Quarter 3
Major Divisions of Nervous System:

•Central Nervous System (CNS)


and
•Peripheral Nervous System
(PNS)
Central Nervous
System(CNS)
•The CNS works as the
processing center for the
nervous system which is
made up of the brain and
the spinal cord.
a. Brain
• This is an organ located within the skull. It functions as organizer
and distributor of knowledge. It has three main parts-cerebrum,
cerebellum and brain stem
Cerebrum-large upper portion of the brain that controls activity
and thought.
Cerebellum- part under the cerebrum which controls posture,
balance and coordination.
Brain stem- connects the brain and the spinal cord which
controls automatic functions like breathing, digestion, pulse and
vital sign.
a. Brain
b. Spinal Cord

•This is a channel for signals


between the brain and thus the
rest of the body. It controls
simple musculoskeletal reflexes
without input of the brain.
b. Spinal Cord
Peripheral Nervous
System (PNS)
•The PNS includes all the nerves
and associated cells that connect
the CNS to the rest of the body. It
has two main divisions the
Somatic NS and Autonomic NS.
a. Somatic Nervous System
• This system controls voluntary body movements. It has two
main parts the spinal nerves and cranial nerves.

Spinal Nerves-the nerves connected to the spinal cord which


carry motor and sensory signals to the body and spinal cord.

Cranial Nerves-the nerves connected to the brain that


transmit information into and out of the brain stem
b. Autonomic Nervous System
• This system regulates involuntary body movements involved with
maintaining homeostasis. It consists of two distinct parts-the
sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous
system.

Sympathetic NS-dominates when the body is in a dynamic role


or stress (e.g., heart rate and breathing rate, dilation of pupil,
sweating, etc.)
Parasympathetic NS- has the opposite effects which maintain
body functions and restores the body to normal mode.
The Nerve Cell
• Nerve cell is the basic unit of nervous
system. It is also called neuron which carries
messages in the form of electric signals
known as impulses

• A neuron features a cell body, dendrites and


axon.
Cell body
•The largest part of the
neuron and contains nucleus
and collects information
from the dendrites.
Dendrite
•a small branched extension
spread-out from the cell body
which receives and carries
impulses toward the cell body.
Axon
•a nerve fiber which conducts
impulses away from the cell body.
Axon passes impulses to the
dendrites of other neurons and or
cell body of muscles cells.
There are three types of neurons
 The sensory neurons carry impulses from the sense
organs and deliver it to the brain and spinal cord (the
CNS).

 Motor neurons carry impulses from the brain or


spinal cord to muscles, glands, and other neurons.

 Interneurons connect the sensory and motor


neurons which carry impulses between them.
Nerve
Impulses
• An impulse may be a combination of an electrical charge and a
reaction. When a neuron is stimulated by another neuron or by
the environment, impulses start.

• . Once started, the impulse travels quickly down the axon away
from the cell body. When a nerve impulse comes to the end of
an axon, it releases the chemical called neurotransmitter. The
chemical crosses the space between neurons called synapse
and stimulates the impulse to start out within the next
dendrite.
How does a nervous system
work?
• A stimulus is any factor in the environment
which influences behavior of an organism. Once
stimulus is received by the body, a response is
made. This response is a reaction to the
stimulus detected. An organism must be ready
to respond a stimulus so as to survive.
Coordinated Functions of Nervous System and
Endocrine System to Maintain Homeostasis

• Both the nervous system and endocrine system are


important in enabling the body to take care homeostasis.
• Homeostasis reaches and maintains a state of balance by
using feedback mechanisms. When the brain receives
messages from the body about an indoor change in one
among its systems, it works to revive the system to its
normal state. The levels of hormones within the body
are controlled by feedback. The amount of hormones in
our body must be kept at the right level.
To attain homeostasis, the nervous and
endocrine systems work together to
maintain a normal range of the
following variables:
• Body heat
• Amount of water within the body
• Hormones in the blood
• Amount of metabolic wastes in the cell

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