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Basics Concept of Information Technology

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12 views28 pages

Basics Concept of Information Technology

Uploaded by

umar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
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BASICS CONCEPT OF

INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY

.
Basics – What is Information?

■ The organized form of data is called


information.

■ It is the data processed for some purpose. It is


any form of information that provides
understandable and useful knowledge for the
person receiving it.
Criteria for Information
■Information can only considered to be ‘real
info’, if it meets certain criteria. i.e.
 It must be communicated to
recipient.
 It must be in language that is
understood.
 It must be in suitable form.
 It must be relevant for achieving
some purpose
What is Computer?
■A computer is a programmable device that
is used for the production and processing of
information.

■Capable of calculating and storing results.


General purpose
■Most devices can be described by their functions.
e.g DVD Player, Washing Machine.

■Computers can be used for almost any purpose,


– Typewriter
– Video editor
– Accounts trackers
– Database
– DVD
programs
■Computer responds to instructions in the
form of programs.
■Programs are written in order to make
computers behave in specific ways. e .g
word, processor etc.
■Programs are stored in computers memory.
How computers process
information
■Computers accept in inputs.( i.e data).
■Input is translated into binary numbers and
‘processed’.
■The process produces output. (i.e
information)
■The sequence is repeated.
Components of computer
system
■Hardware – the physical parts.
■Software – the instructions/ programs that
controls hardware.
■The Human Beings – the brain behind the
whole system.
Types of computers
■Mainframe Computers
■Minicomputers
■Personal computer ( Microcomputer or
Desktop)
■Laptop
■Network Computer/ Server
Hardware components
■A typical PC consists of
- System Unit
- Keyboard
- Monitor
- Mouse
- Printer
- Multimedia devices
- Modem
HARDWARE – THE SYSTEM
UNIT
■The central component of the system
■Houses:
- The processor: corresponds to the CPU
- Memory: RAM and RAM
- Storage: Hard Disk, Removable storage
devices
THE PROCESSOR (CPU)

■Types include Intel Pentium Series, Celerion,


AMD Athlon.
■Chip at the heart of computer- does the
calculations.
■Speed – measured in megahertz (MHz): the
faster the processor the more calculations
performed per second.
Memory
■A computer must be able to store its
calculations and programs.
■Measured in bytes
■One byte = eight bits
■Two types: ‘Volatile’ and ‘Permanent’.
Random access memory
(RAM)
■Holds the working program, the data being
processed and the interim results.
■Volatile – contents are erased if power is cut.
■Faster than permanent storage.
■Can be accessed randomly: can get any
piece of data directly.
Storage – Hard disk
■Permanent Memory – records and stores all
programs and data/information
magnetically.
■Larger than RAM - average 12 – 120 GB.
■Slower – involves mechanical movement.
Other types of storage
■Flopping Disk
■CD/DVD ROM
■Zip Drive
■Magnetic Tape
INPUT DEVICES
■Mouse : used in conjunction with the GUI ,
point and click
■Keyboard
■Other types are:
- Trackballs
- Light Pens
- Touch Screens
Output devices
■Monitor: also known as Visual Display Unit
(VDU)

■Printers:
- Laser printers
- Inkjet Printers
- Impact
Software
■Set of instruction that tells the computer
what to do and when to do.
■Made up of code interpreted by hardware.
■Written in programming languages – Java,
C, C++, Peri.
Types

■Two types of software:


- System Software
- Application Software
SYSTEM SOFTWARE
■Concerned with the computer itself:
devices, files, storage management , error
correction.

■Main piece of SS: Operating System (OS)


OPERATING SYSTEM (OS)
■The driving program of the computer
- communicate between all programs and
hardware
- controls timing and sequence of events
- manages data to ensure security and integrity
- Examples:
- Windows
- Mac OS
Application software
■Concerned with the world outside the
computer
■Used for the things you want the computer to
do
■Can be more specialized
■Examples:
- Word, Excel, Internet Explorer
How software is made
■Involves a cycle of research, analysis,
development and testing.
■Systems Analysts – study the business
processes and designs the software.
■Programmers – develops the software
Problems with software
■Software is complex
■Difficult to test comprehensively
■Can have bugs: these can be trivial or
major
■Symptoms of bugs
- hanging
- crashes
The graphical user
interface(GUI)
■Represents all the programs as icons
■Workspace represented graphically –
creates ‘virtual’ documents
■Adds to the unique nature of the computer
as both a tool and a medium
Do’s
DON’T’S
■Give the computer ■Block air vents
room to breathe. ■Expose to extremes
■Keep it in a dry of temperature.
place. ■Just switch off
■Dust free ■Move while the
■Shut down computer is in
properly. operation.
THANK YOU

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