DISCOVERING COMPUTERS 2018

Digital Technology, Data, and Devices

Module 1
Introducing Today’s
Technologies
Computers, Devices,
and the web

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accessible website, in whole or in part.
 Objectives Overview
• Differentiate among laptops, tablets, desktops, and servers
• Briefly explain various input options
• Differentiate the web from the Internet, and describe the relationship among the
web, webpages, websites, and web servers
• Explain the purpose of a browser, a search engine, and an online social network
• Briefly describe digital security risks associated with viruses and other malware,
privacy, your health, and the environment
• Differentiate between an operating system and applications
• Differentiate between wired and wireless technologies, and identify reasons
individuals and businesses use networks
• Discuss how society uses technology in education, government, finance, retail,
entertainment, health care, science, travel, publishing, and manufacturing
• Identify technology used by home users, small/home office users, mobile users,
power users, and enterprise users

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 Today’s Technology

• Because technology changes, you must

keep up with the changes to remain
digitally literate
• Digital literacy involves having a
current knowledge and understanding
of computers, mobile devices, the web,
and related technologies

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 Computers (1 of 5)
• A computer is an electronic device,
operating under the control of instructions
stored in its own memory

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 1-4
 Computers (2 of 5)

• Laptop

Figure 1-2 A laptop is a widely used type of computer.

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 Computers (3 of 5)

• Tablet

Figure 1-3 A slate tablet.

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 Computers (4 of 5)

• Desktop and All-in-One

Figure 1-4 Some desktops have a separate tower; all-in-ones do not.

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 Computers (5 of 5)

• Server

Figure 1-5 A server provides services to other computers or devices on a network.

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 Mobile and Game Devices

• Smartphone
• Digital camera
• Portable and digital media player
• E-book reader
• Wearable device
• Game device

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 Data and Information (1 of 14)

Figure 1-12 A computer processes data into information.

Example : item ordered, item price, quantity ordered, and amount received all
represent data (input).
The computer processes the data to produce the cash register receipt (information,
or output).

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 Data and Information – Input Devices
• A keyboard contains keys you press to enter data
and instructions into a computer or mobile device

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Data and Information – Input Devices

Figure 1-13 Users have a variety of options for entering typed text.

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 Data and Information – Input Devices
• A pointing device is an input device that allows a user to
control a small symbol on a screen, called the pointer
• Some mobile devices and computers enable you to
speak data instructions using voice input and to capture
live full-motion images using video input

Figure 1-14 A mouse and a touchpad.

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 Data and Information – Input Devices

Figure 1-15 You can speak instructions into a microphone or wireless headset and
capture live video on a webcam for a video call.

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 Data and Information – Input Devices
• A scanner is a light-sensing input device that converts
printed text and images into a form the computer can
process

Figure 1-16 A Scanner.

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 Data
Data andand Information
Information (7 ofDevices
– Output 14)

• An output device is any hardware component that

conveys information from a computer or mobile
device to one or more people
• A printer is an output device that produces text
and graphics on a physical medium, such as paper
or other material
– A 3-D printer can print solid objects, such as clothing,
prosthetics, eyewear, implants, toys, parts, prototypes,
and more

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 Data and Information (8 of 14)

Figure 1-17 A printer can produce a variety of printed output including photos and
3-D solid objects.

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 Data and Information – Output Devices
• A display is an output device that visually conveys
text, graphics, and video information

Figure 1-18 Displays vary depending on the computer or mobile device.

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 Data and Information – Output Devices
• Speakers allow you to hear audio such as music,
voice, and other sounds
– Earbuds
– Headphones

Figure 1-19 In a crowded environment where speakers are not practical, users can
wear headphones to hear music, voice, and other audio.

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 1-19
 Data and Information – Storage

• Memory consists of electronic components that

store instructions waiting to be executed and the
data needed by those instructions
• A computer keeps data, instructions, and
information on storage media
• A storage device records (writes) and/or retrieves
(reads) items to and from storage media

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Data and Information – Storage

Hard Disk

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 Data and Information – Storage

USB Flash Drive Memory Card

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Data and Information – Storage

Optical Disc Cloud Storage

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 Ports and Connections (1 of 6)
• A port is the point at which a peripheral device attaches
to or communicates with a computer or mobile device to
send data to or receive information from the computer
or mobile device

Figure 3-25 Most computers and mobile devices have ports so that you can connect the
computer or device to peripherals.

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 Ports and Connections (2 of 6)

• A connector joins a cable to a port

• A connector at one end of a cable
attaches to a port on the computer or
mobile device, and a connector at the
other end of the cable attaches to a port
on the peripheral device

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Ports and Connections (3 of 6)

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 Ports and Connections (4 of 6)

• A USB port, short for Universal Serial Bus port,

• USB can connect up to 127 different peripheral devices
together with a single connector
• Instead of connecting peripheral devices directly to
ports on a mobile computer, some mobile users prefer
the flexibility of port replicators and docking stations

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 Ports and Connections (5 of 6)

Figure 3-26 Docking stations often are used with tablets and other mobile computers, providing
connections to peripheral devices.

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 Ports and Connections (6 of 6)

• Instead of connecting computers and mobile

devices to peripheral devices with a cable, some
peripheral devices use wireless communications
technologies
– Bluetooth
– Wi-Fi
– NFC

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 The Web (1 of 8)

• The Internet is a worldwide collection

of computer networks that connects
millions of businesses, government
agencies, educational institutions, and
individual

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 The Web (2 of 8)

Figure 1-27 The Internet is the largest computer network, connecting millions of
computers and devices around the world.

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 1-31
 The Web (3 of 8)

• The World Wide Web (or web, for short) is a global

library of information available to anyone connected
to the Internet
• The web consists of a worldwide collection of
electronic documents, each of which is called a
webpage
• A website is a collection of related webpages.
• A web server is a computer that delivers requested
webpages to your computer or mobile device

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 Webpage Example

Figure 1-28 Webpages, such as the one shown here, can display text, graphics,
audio, and video on a computer or mobile device. Pointing to a link on the screen
typically changes the shape of the pointer to a small hand with a pointing index
finger.
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 The Browser
• A browser is software that enables users with an
Internet connection to access and view webpages
on a computer or mobile device

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 The Search engine
• A search engine is software that finds websites,
webpages, images, videos, news, maps, and other
information related to a specific topic

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 1-35
 The online social network

• An online social network, also called a social

networking site, is a website that encourages
members in its online community to share their
interests, ideas, stories, photos, music, and videos
with other registered users

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 The online social network

Figure 1-29 When Facebook users share, comment on, or “like” a post, the post
appears on their own personal Facebook pages.

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 Digital Safety and Security (1 of 2)

• It is important that users protect

computers and mobile devices
– Viruses and Other Malware
– Privacy
– Health Concerns
– Environmental Issues

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Privacy/ Malware Protecting Hardware (1 of 3)

• To help reduce the chances of theft, companies and schools

use a variety of security measures such as:
1. Physical access controls
 Lock them in safe places.
 Have Security
2. Alarm system
3. Security or device-tracking app
4. Require identification
 Iris
 Voice
 ID

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 Privacy/ Malware- Hardware (2 of 3)

Figure 3-27 Some mobile computers and devices include fingerprint readers,
which can be used to verify a user’s identity.

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Privacy/ Malware- Protecting Hardware (3 of 3)

• Hardware can fail for a variety of reasons:

– Aging hardware;
– Random events such as electrical power problems;
– Errors in programs or apps
– Undervoltage
– Overvoltage or power surge ( flow of electricity is
interrupted)

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 Health Concerns of Using Technology
• A repetitive strain injury (RSI) is an injury or disorder
of the muscles, nerves, tendons, ligaments, and joints
• Computer vision syndrome (CVS) is a technology-
related health condition that affects eyesight
• Technology addiction occurs when the technology
consumes someone’s entire social life
Solution?
• Ergonomics which is an applied science devoted to
incorporating comfort, efficiency, and safety into the
design of items in the workplace

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Health Concerns of Using Technology
(2 of 2)
Figure 3-32 A
well designed
work area should
be flexible to
allow adjustments
to the height and
build of different
individuals.

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Environment -Digital Safety and Security
(2 of 2)
• Green computing involves reducing the electricity
consumed and environmental waste generated
when using a computer.
• How ? Follow strategies such as:
– Recycling
– Using energy efficient hardware and energy saving
features
– Regulating manufacturing processes
– Extending the life of computers
– Immediately donating or properly disposing of replaced
computers

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 Communications and Networks (1 of 7)

• In the course of a day, it is likely you use, or use

information generated by, one or more of these
communications technologies
– Chat rooms
– Email
– Fax
– FTP
– GPS

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Communications and Networks (2 of 8)
– Instant messaging
– Internet
– Newsgroups
– Videoconference
– Voice mail
– VoIP

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 Communications and Networks (3 of 8)

• A communications device is hardware

capable of transferring items from
computers and devices to transmission
media and vice versa

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 Communications and Networks (4 of 8)

Figure 1-32 Modems, wireless access, and routers are examples of communications
devices that enable communications between computers/ mobile devices and the
Internet. Notice that some computers and devices communicate via wires, and others
communicate wirelessly.
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 Communications and Networks (5 of 8)

• Examples of wireless communications

technologies include:
– Wi-Fi
– Bluetooth
– Cellular radio

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 Communications and Networks (6 of 8)
A network is a collection of computers and devices
connected together, often wirelessly, via
communications devices and transmission media

Figure 1-33 A server manages the resources on a network, and clients access the
resources on the server. This network enables three separate computers to share the
same printer, one wirelessly.
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 Communications and Networks (7 of 8)

• Home Networks
– Connect to the Internet
– Share a single high-speed Internet connection
– Access photos, music, videos, and other content
– Share devices
– Play multiplayer games
– Connect game consoles to the Internet
– Subscribe to and use VoIP
– Interact with other devices in a smart home

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 Communications and Networks (8 of 8)

• Business Networks
– Facilitate communications
– Share hardware
– Share data, information, and software

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 Technology Uses
• Education
• Government
• Finance
• Retail
• Entertainment
• Health Care
• Science
• Travel
• Publishing
• Manufacturing
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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 Technology Users (1 of 3)

Home User Small/Home Office User

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 Technology Users (2 of 3)

Mobile User Power User

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Technology Users (3 of 3)

Enterprise (business) Use

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 Assessment

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