DISCOVERING COMPUTERS 2018

Digital Technology, Data, and Devices

Module 2
Connecting and
Communicating
Online:
The Internet,
Website, and Media
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accessible website, in whole or in part.
 Objectives Overview (1 of 2)
• Discuss the evolution of the Internet
• Briefly describe various broadband Internet connections
• Describe the purpose of an IP address and its relationship to a domain
name
• Describe features of browsers and identify the components of a web
address
• Describe ways to compose effective search text
• Explain benefits and risks of using online social networks
• Describe uses of various types of websites
• Explain how the web uses graphics, animation, audio, video, and virtual
reality
• Explain how email, email lists, Internet messaging, chat rooms, online
discussions, VoIP, and FTP work
• Identify the rules of netiquette

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 The Internet (1 of 3)
• The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks
that connects millions of businesses, government
agencies, educational institutions, and individuals

Figure 2-1 People around the world use the internet in daily activities, such as accessing
information, exchanging messages, and conversing with others from their computers and mobile
devices.

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to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 The Internet (2 of 3)

• The Internet originated as ARPANET in September

1969 and had two main goals:
– Allow scientists at different physical locations to share
information and work together
– Function even if part of the network were disabled or
destroyed by a disaster

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 The Internet (3 of 3)

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to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 Connecting to the Internet (1 of 10)

• With wired connections, a computer or device

physically attaches via a cable or wire to a
communications device
• Computers without a communications device can
use a wireless modem or other communications
device that enables wireless connectivity

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to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 Connecting to the Internet (2 of 10)

Figure 2-2 Using a modem is one way to connect computers and mobile devices to the Internet.

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 Connecting to the Internet (3 of 10)

• Wired
– Cable Internet service
– DSL (digital subscriber line)
– Fiber to the Premises (FTTP)
• Wireless
– Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity)
– Mobile broadband
– Fixed wireless
– Satellite Internet Service

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 Connecting to the Internet (4 of 10)
• A hot spot is a wireless network device that
provides Internet connections to mobile
computers and devices

Figure 2-3 You can create a mobile hot spot using a communications device
or by tethering a smartphone.

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 Connecting to the Internet (5 of 10)

• An Internet service provider (ISP) is a business

that provides individuals and organizations access
to the Internet free or for a fee
• Bandwidth is a measure of the capability of a
network to send and receive data
– Megabyte (MB)
– Gigabyte (GB)

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 Connecting to the Internet (7 of 10)
• An IP address is a sequence of numbers that uniquely
identifies the location of each computer or device connected
to the Internet or any other network

• A domain name is a text-based name that corresponds to

the IP address of a server
• A Domain Name Server (DNS) server translates the domain
name into its associated IP address

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 Connecting to the Internet (8 of 10)

Figure 2-5 The IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, along with the domain name for
Google's website.

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 Connecting to the Internet (9 of 10)
Table 2-3 Popular Top Level Domains (TLDs)
TLD Intended Purpose
.biz Businesses
.com Commercial organizations, businesses, and companies
.edu Educational institutions
.gov Government agencies
.mil Military organizations
.museum Museums and individual museum professionals
.name Individuals
.net Network providers or commercial companies
.org Nonprofit organizations
.pro Licensed professionals
.technology Technology information
.travel Entities whose primary area of activity is in the travel industry

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 Connecting to the Internet (10 of 10)

Figure 2-6 This figure show how a user’s entered domain name (google.com)
uses a DNS server to display a webpage (Google, in this case).

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 Register a domain Name

1. Choose domain name & TLD.

2. Check the availability of the Domain name
3. Register and host Domain Name

https://www.nic.ae/masterFl
ow.html?execution=e1s1

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 The World Wide Web (1 of 5)
• The World Wide Web (WWW), or web, consists of
a worldwide collection of electronic documents
(webpages)
• A website is a collection of related webpages and
associated items
• A web server is a computer that delivers requested
webpages to your computer or mobile device
• HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is a set of
symbols that developers use to specify the
headings, paragraphs, images, links, and other
content elements that a webpage contains
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 The World Wide Web (2 of 5)

• A browser is an application that enables users with

an Internet connection to access and view
webpages on a computer or mobile device
– Internet-capable mobile devices such as smartphones
use a special type of browser, called a mobile browser
• A home page is the first page that a website
displays
• Current browsers typically support tabbed
browsing (having multiple tabs in the same
browser window)

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 The World Wide Web (3 of 5)

Figure 2-7 Many websites, such as the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention shown here, provide a mobile version that is designed specifically
for display on a mobile browser.

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 The World Wide Web (4 of 5)
• A webpage has a unique address, called a web
address or URL Figure 2-8 After
entering
http://www.nps.gov/
history/preserve-
places.htm in the
address bar and
then pressing the
ENTER key or
clicking the Search,
Go, or similar button
in a browser, the
U.S. Department of
the Interior National
Park Service home
page shown here is
displayed.

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 The World Wide Web (5 of 5)
• A web app is an application stored on a web server that
you access through a browser
– Web apps usually store users’ data and information on their
hosts’ servers

Figure 2-9 Web and mobile apps often work together, enabling you to
access your content from a variety of computers and devices.

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 Types of Websites (1 of 8)

• A web search engine is software that finds

websites, webpages, images, videos, news, maps,
and other information related to a specific topic

• A subject directory classifies webpages in an

organized set of categories, such as sports or
shopping, and related subcategories
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 How to search?

Operator Description Examples Explanation

Space or Display search results

art + music Results have both words, art
that include specific
+ words.
art music and music, in any order

dog OR
Results have either the word,
puppy
Display search results dog, or the word, Puppy.
OR that include only one
dog OR
Results have the word, dog, or
word from a list. the word, puppy, or the word,
puppy OR
canine.
canine

Combine search results

Kalamazoo Results include both words,
that include specific
Michigan Kalamazoo Michigan, and
() words with those that
(pizza OR either the word, pizza, or the
include only one word
subs) word, subs.
from a list.

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 How to search?

Operator Description Examples Explanation

Exclude a Results include the word,

automobile-
_ word from
search results.
convertible
automobile, but do not include the
word, convertible.

Search for an
exact phrase "19th century Results include the exact phrase,
“” in a certain literature" 19th century literature.
order.

Substitute
Results include any word that
characters in
* place of the
writer* begins with the text, writer (e.g.,
writer, writers, writer's)
asterisk(star).

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 Types of Websites

• There are several types of websites

– Search engine
– Online social network
– Informational and research
– Media sharing
– Bookmarking
– News, weather, sports, and other mass media

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to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 More of Types of Websites
• Search engine • Entertainment
• Online social network • Banking and finance
• Informational and research • Travel and tourism
• Media sharing • Mapping
• Bookmarking • Retail and auctions
• News, weather, sports, and • Careers and employment
other mass media • E-commerce
• Educational • Portals
• Business, governmental, and • Content aggregation
organizational • Website creation and
• Blogs management
• Wiki and collaboration
• Health and fitness Science

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 Web publishing
• Web publishing is the creation and maintenance
of websites

How to publish a website?

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 Digital Media on the Web (1 of 7)

• Multimedia refers to any application that

combines text with media such as:
– Graphics
– Animation
– Audio
– Video
– Virtual Reality

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to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 Digital Media on the Web (2 of 8)

• A graphic is a visual representation of nontext

information
• Graphic formats include BMP, GIF, JPEG, PNG,
and TIFF

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to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 Digital Media on the Web (3 of 8)

Figure 2-22 Many webpages use colorful graphics to convey messages. For
example, the variety of colors, images, shapes, and thumbnails on the San
Diego Zoo webpage visually separate and draw attention to areas of the
webpage, making the webpage more dynamic and enticing.

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 Digital Media on the Web (4 of 8)
• An infographic is a visual representation of
data and information, designed to communicate
quickly, simplify complex concepts, or present
patterns or trends

Figure 2-23 An infographic presents complex concepts at a glance.

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 Digital Media on the Web (6 of 11)
• Animation is the appearance of motion created by
displaying a series of still images in sequence

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to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Digital Media on the Web (6 of 11)

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to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 Digital Media on the Web (7 of 11)

• Audio includes music, speech, or any other

sound
– Compressed to reduce file size
• You listen to audio on your computer using a
media player

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to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 Digital Media on the Web (8 of 11)

Figure 2-24 Windows Media Player is a popular media player, through which
you can listen to music and watch video.

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to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 Digital Media on the Web (9 of 11)

• Video consists of images displayed in motion

• Virtual reality (VR) is the use of computers to
simulate a real or imagined environment that
appears as a three-dimensional (3-D) space

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to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 Digital Media on the Web (10 of 11)

Figure 2-25 Users can explore a VR world using a touch screen or their input
device. For example, users can explore the inside of the Gemini 7 space
capsule, located at the Smithsonian Air and Space Museum in Washington,
D.C., from their computer or mobile device.

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 Digital Media on the Web (11 of 11)

• A plug-in, or add-on, is a program that extends the

capability of a browser (extensions)

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 Other Internet Services (1 of 11)

• Email is the transmission of messages and files via

a computer network
• An email program allows you to create, send,
receive, forward, store, print, and delete email
messages

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 Other Internet Services (2 of 11)

Figure 2-26 This figure shows how an email message may travel from a
sender to a receiver.
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 Other Internet Services (3 of 11)
• An email list is a group of email addresses used
for mass distribution of a message

Figure 2-27 When you subscribe to a mailing list, you and all others in the list
receive messages from the website. Shown here is a user who receives
newsletters and alerts from FoxNews .com.

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 Other Internet Services (4 of 11)

• Internet messaging services, which often occur in

real-time, are communications services that notify
you when one or more of your established contacts
are online and then allows you to exchange
messages or files or join a private chat room with
them

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 Other Internet Services (5 of 11)

Figure 2-28 With Internet messaging services, you and the person(s) with whom
you are conversing are online at the same time. The conversation appears on all
parties' screens at the same time. Shown here is Facebook messenger.

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 Other Internet Services (6 of 11)

• A chat is a real-time typed conversation that takes

place on a computer or mobile device with many
other online users
• A chat room is a website or application that
permits users to chat with others who are online at
the same time

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 Other Internet Services (7 of 11)

Figure 2-29 As you type, others in the same chat room see what you have typed.

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 Other Internet Services (8 of 11)

• An online discussion is an online area in which

users have written discussions about a particular
subject

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 Other Internet Services (9 of 11)

Figure 2-30 Users in an line discussion read and reply to other user’s
messages.

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 Other Internet Services (10 of 11)
VoIP (Voice over IP) enables users to speak to other
users via their Internet connection

Source: Microsoft

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 Other Internet Services (11 of 11)

• FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is an Internet

standard that permits file uploading and
downloading to and from other computers on
the Internet
• Many operating systems include FTP
capabilities
• An FTP server is a computer that allows
users to upload and/or download files using
FTP
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 Netiquette
• Netiquette, or network etiquette, is
concerned with the "proper" way to
communicate in an online environment

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 NETIQUETTE GOLDEN RULES
• Respect people’s privacy – If someone isn’t comfortable sharing information
with you, try not to push or pressure them into doing so. Also, never share other
people’s personal information such as addresses, phone numbers or emails
without permission
• Be mindful of your language – Be aware of the language you use online.
Although you might believe it to be funny or harmless, another person might
take offense to it or find it upsetting.
• Don’t be sarcastic! – Sarcasm doesn’t translate well on the internet!
• Choose your emoji’s carefully – Emoji’s or emoticons have now become a
recognized language in their own right! Make sure that if you use emoticons,
you are using one that is appropriate for the emotion you are trying to convey –
they can easily change the context of an entire conversation.
• Respect other’s views – The beauty of the internet relies on varying and
diverse opinions and beliefs. Allow others to share their views without the
conversation becoming heated or turning into an argument – regardless of your
personal opinion!

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 Assessment

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