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University quantitative Reasoning power presentation

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19 views34 pages

QR PowerPoint Presentation

University quantitative Reasoning power presentation

Uploaded by

hw2400118
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fundamental Mathematical

Concepts

BASICS GEOMETRY

PRESENTED
BY :
Mohsin
Moiz
Shaheer
Zain Malik
Muhammad Waqas
(87)
GEOMETRY

The branch of the mathematics that deals or concerned with the


properties and relationships of :
 Points
 Lines
 Angles
 Surfaces and solids
POINTS

 A Point is a exact location in a space Has no length , width or has no


dimension Represented by
 DOT with capital A B C etc
TYPES OF POINTS

 COLLINEAR POINTS
 NON-COLINNER POINTS
 COCURRENT POINTS
 CO-PLANNER POINTS
 NON-COPLANNER POINTS
COLLINEAR POINTS

 Points that lie on the same line or same straight line is a collinear
point The points A B are collinear points
NON COLLINEAR POINTS

 The all points don’t lie on the same lines ,then points are non
collinear points The points P Q R S non-collinear point
CON-CURRENT POINTS

 If Two or more lines intersect at a same point its called a concurrent


point The point e is a concurrent point
CO-PLANAR POINTS

 A Point lie on a same plane is called coplanar. The points A B C D are


coplanar point.
NON CO-PLANAR POINTS

 If the point are not lie on the same plane then they are called non-
coplanar points
 The points A B C are coplanar points
 The point D is non-coplanar point
Lines

 A line is a figure in geometry, which has only length and no width in a


two-dimensional plane and extends infinitely in opposite directions.
 It has no ends in both directions (infinite)
 It has no thickness
 It is one-dimensional
Types of lines

Following are the types of lines .


 Horizontal Line
 Vertical lines
 Parallel lines
 Perpendicular lines
 Line segment
 Ray
 Tangent
 Secant
Parallel line
 When two straight lines don’t meet or intersect at any point, even at
infinity, then they are parallel to each other.
 •They can be both horizontal and vertical.
 •We can see parallel lines examples in our daily life like a zebra
crossing, the lines of notebooks, and on railway tracks around us.
Vertical line

 When a line runs from top to bottom in a straight direction, it is a


vertical line.
Here are some examples of vertical lines:
 A line parallel to the sides of a page
 The direction of a plumb line
Horizontal line

 When a line moves from left to right in a straight direction, it is a


horizontal line.
 It has a zero slope value, meaning that all points on the line have the
same y-value
 Horizontal line segments in polygons like squares and rectangles.
Perpendicular line
 When two lines meet or intersect at an angle of 90 degrees or at a
right angle, then they are perpendicular to each other.
 Perpendicular lines intersect at a 90-degree angle, forming a square
corner.
Examples:
 Perpendicular is also standing or rising straight up
 The cliff was nearly perpendicular and impossible to climb.
Line segment

 A line segment is a part of a line that has two endpoints. It is the


shortest distance between these two points.
 A line has no endpoints and extends infinitely in both the direction.
 A Line segment is denoted by a Bar (-) on the top of its notation, say
AB.
Ray

 A ray is a part of a line that has one fixed endpoint and extends
infinitely in one direction.
 To draw a ray, you draw a point and then draw a straight line coming
out of it in one direction.
 The symbol for ray is →.
Tangent
 A tangent line to a curve at a given point is a straight line that
touches the curve at that point without crossing it (locally). The slope
of the tangent line represents the rate of change (or derivative) of the
curve at that specific point.
 •The word “tangent” comes from Latin. “Tangere” is a Latin infinitive
verb that means “to touch.” A tangent line is simply a “touching” line.
Secant
 A secant line is a straight line that intersects a curve at two or more
points. It represents the average rate of change of the curve between
the points of intersection.
 Secant means ‘to cut’ extracted from a Latin word ‘secare’.
Difference between tangent and
secant
 In a secant, the line intersects the circle at two points. But a tangent
intersects the circle at only one point around its outer line.
 The main difference between a secant and a tangent is the number of
points they touch on a curve or circle.
Angles
 The figure formed by two rays (or lines) with a common endpoint (the
vertex).
 Importance of angles in mathematics and real-life applications (e.g.,
construction, navigation).
Types of angels

 Acute angle
 Right angle
 Obtuse angle
 Straight angle
 Reflex angle
 Complete angle
Acute angle

 Measure: Less than 90” Examples: 30°, 45°, etc.


Right angle

 Measure: Exactly 90° Examples: Corner of a square or rectangle


Obtuse angle

 Measure: Greater than 90° but less than 180” Examples: 120°, 135°
Straight angle

 Measure: Exactly 180 Appears as a straight line.


Reflex angle

 Measure: Greater than 180° but less than 360° Examples: 220°, 300”
Complete angle

 Measure: Exactly 360° Represents a full rotation


Polygon

 A polygon is a 2D shape with at least three sides and angles. It’s a


closed figure with straight lines, and the lines are called sides or
edges.
Types of polygon

 Triangle: A Polygon with three sides.


 Quadrilateral: A polygon with four sides.
 Pentagon: A polygon with five sides.
 Hexagon: A polygon with six sides.
 Heptagon: A polygon with seven sides.
 Octagon: A polygon with eight sides.
 Nonagon: A polygon with nine sides.
 Decagon: A polygon with ten sides.
Interior And Exterior Angle
A Interior and exterior angle polygon
 Interior Angle: The angle formed by two adjacent sides inside the
polygon.
 Exterior Angle: The angle formed by one side of the polygon and
the extension of an adjacent side.
Formula of Interior And Exterior
Angle
Here are the formulas:
 Interior Angle: (n-2)x180°/n
 Exterior Angle: 360”/n
 Where: -n is the number of sides of the polygon

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