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06 Electromagnetism VVIP - Principles Poly

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14 views16 pages

06 Electromagnetism VVIP - Principles Poly

Uploaded by

dennisnyende079
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 6

Electromagnetism
Magnetic field due to an
electric current
 Let a piece of wire be arranged to pass vertically
through a horizontal sheet of cardboard, on which is
placed some iron filings, as shown in Figure.
 If a current is now passed through the wire, then the
iron filings will form a definite circular field pattern with
the wire at the centre, when the cardboard is gently
tapped.
 By placing a compass in different positions the lines of
flux are seen to have a definite direction, if the current
direction is reversed, the direction of the lines of flux is
also reversed.
NOTE
The magnetic flux produced has the same properties as the flux
produced by a permanent magnet.
If the current is increased the strength of the field increases and, as
for the permanent magnet, the field strength decreases as we move
away from the current-carrying conductor.
Direction of Magnetic flux
 The direction of the magnetic lines of flux is
best remembered by the screw rule .

This states that:


‘ If a normal right-hand thread screw is screwed
along the conductor in the direction of the
current, the direction of rotation of the screw is
in the direction of the magnetic field.’
Magnetic fields produced
by a coil
 A magnetic field set up by a long coil, or solenoid is
seen to be similar to that of a bar magnet.
 If the solenoid is wound on an iron bar an even
stronger magnetic field is produced, the iron
becoming magnetized and behaving like a
permanent magnet.
 The direction of the magnetic field produced by the
current I in the solenoid may be found by either of
two methods, i.e.
 the screw rule
 the grip rule
Magnetic flux - screw rule
The screw rule states that;
if a normal right-hand thread screw is placed

along the axis of the solenoid and is screwed in


the direction of the current it moves in the
direction of the magnetic field inside the
solenoid. The direction of the magnetic field
inside the solenoid is from south to north.

 Thus the north pole is to the right.


Magnetic flux due to a coil
Magnetic flux- the grip rule
The grip rule states that;
If the coil is gripped with the right hand, with

the fingers pointing in the direction of the


current, then the thumb, outstretched parallel to
the axis of the solenoid, points in the direction of
the magnetic field inside the solenoid.
 Thus the north pole is to the right.
The Force on a current-
carrying conductor
 If a current-carrying conductor is placed in a
magnetic field produced by permanent
magnets,

 then the fields due to the current-carrying


conductor and the permanent magnets
interact and cause a force to be exerted on the
conductor.
The Force on a current-
carrying conductor
 The force on the current-carrying conductor in
a magnetic field depends upon:

The flux density of the field, B teslas


The strength of the current, I amperes,

The length of the conductor perpendicular to the

magnetic field, l meters, and


The directions of the field and the current
The Force on a current-
carrying conductor
 When the magnetic field, the current and the
conductor are mutually at right angles then:

 When the conductor and the field are at an


angle θ° to each other then:
Examples
Fleming’s left-hand rule
 The direction of the force exerted on a conductor can be pre-
determined by using Fleming’s left-hand rule (often called
the motor rule) which states:

“Let the thumb, first finger and second finger of the


left hand be extended such that they are all at right-
angles to each other, If the first finger points in the
direction of the magnetic field, the second finger
points in the direction of the current, then the thumb
will point in the direction of the motion of the
conductor.”
Fleming’s left-hand rule
 Summarizing:
 First finger - F ield
 SeC ond finger - C urrent
 ThuMb-Motion
Worked Examples
FIN

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