STRUCTURES

SUB-
COMPETENCY:
PARALLELISM IN
THE USE OF
VERBALS
English 8
• This lesson will help you to come up with the right word
and use verbals correctly to produce sentences and
paragraphs with parallel structures.

LET US KNOW
• A. Directions: Fill in each blank with the correct simple
present tense. Choose the words from the box. Write your
answers on a separate sheet of paper.

LET US REVIEW
• come goes see shine color
1. My mother ___________ to the supermarket once a
week.
2. They often ___________ all the way here to give check
their father.
3. Bats cannot __________ very well.
4. How often do you __________ your hair?
5. The moon and stars ____________ brightly at night.

LET US REVIEW
B. Directions: Write the simple present tense of the
verb in the parentheses to complete the sentence.
Take note whether the subject used in each
sentence is singular or plural. Write your answer on
a separate sheet of paper.
1. My mother (visit) __________ her childhood
friends during the Christmas holidays.

LET US REVIEW
2. Michelle (scratch) _____________ her
head in wonder.
3. Me and my father (collect) _________
leaves and woods from our nature trip.
4. The students (follow) __________ the
directions carefully.
5. Our parents (work) ____________ for our
future.

LET US REVIEW
Parallelism, also known as parallel structure, is
placing ideas in words, phrases, and clauses in an
equal manner. In its most basic usage, parallelism
provides a phrase with balance and clarity.
Parallelism also serves to give phrases a pattern
and rhythm.
To construct sentences with correct parallelism,
you must also understand Verbals.

LET US STUDY
Verbals
A verbal is a verb form that acts as another part of
speech. There are three (3) types of verbal –
infinitive, gerund and participle.
• Infinitive – is a form of a verb that is written as
to + verb.
Examples:
To succeed takes a lot of hard work and strong
determination.
A dictionary is very important book to buy.

LET US STUDY
• Gerund – is a form of a verb that has
an -ing at the end of the word.
Examples:
Meditating is a relaxing activity.
John Rommel will report on the basic
steps of dancing.

LET US STUDY
• Participle - is a verbal that acts as an
adjective. There are two kinds of participles:
present participles (ending in -ing) and
past participles (ending in -ed or -d).
Examples:
The parlor games are all exciting.
The cracked window has been fixed.

LET US STUDY
• Faulty parallelism is also
called as parallel structure
error. It occurs when the
structure of a sentence is not
grammatically parallel.

LET US STUDY
Parallel construction prevents awkwardness, promotes clarity and
improves writing style and readability.
Example #1:
Faulty Parallelism: Jaymie was an honor student because she
liked to study, to research, and reading. (Infinitive: to + verb)
This sentence can be corrected by making sure that an infinitive
(to + verb) is used for each item in the list: to study (to + verb), to
research (to + verb), to read (to + verb). To make the sentence parallel,
we need to change “reading” to “to read.”
Parallel sentence: Jaymie was an honor student because she
liked to study, to research, and to read. (Infinitive: to + verb)

LET US STUDY
Example #2:
Faulty Parallelism: Jogging, eating a well-balanced diet, and to
exercise all contribute toward a good, strong and healthy body.
(Gerund)
This sentence can be corrected by making sure that a gerund
(verb + ing) is used for each item in the list: jogging (verb + ing),
eating
(verb + ing), exercising (verb + ing). To make the sentence parallel, we
need to change “to exercise” to “exercising.”
Parallel sentence: Jogging, eating a well-balanced diet, and
exercising all contribute toward a good, strong and healthy body.
(Gerund)

LET US STUDY
Do the following activities on your paper.
A. Directions: Underline the infinitive in each sentence.
____________ 1. Tim agreed to make a gift to her
girlfriend.
____________ 2. The music about to play is my favorite
song.
____________ 3. She always brings a book to read while
traveling.
____________ 4. To go to South Korea has always been her
dream.
____________ 5. He helped to write the script for the play.

LET US PRACTICE
B. Directions: Box the gerund used in the
following sentences.
1. He hates waking up early.
2. Coming back home is the best part in a trip.
3. Reading the newspapers is a good was to begin
the day.
4. Shayne is interested in improving herself.
5. The new trend gives dancing a new image.

LET US PRACTICE
C. Directions: Read comprehensively the following
sentences. Rewrite the following in correct parallelism.
Example: To dance, to sing, and writing are my hobbies.
Answer: To dance, to sing, and to write are my hobbies.
1. I hate talking too much, eating saucy foods, and to drive
at night.
2. To understand and explaining the cause of the problem
are essential in this investigation.
3. Joan is talented at playing guitar and to draw abstract
arts.

LET US PRACTICE
4. Richard uses scanning, skimming, and to fade.
5. Mark said to Jhana to speak, to listen, and
reading the problem carefully.
6. Taking supplemental drugs, drinking plenty of
water, and to do exercise daily make your immune
system strong.
7. Chatting, texting, and to play mobile games are
the routine of the youth nowadays.

LET US PRACTICE
8.To prove, to investigate, and determining
the variables are needed in scientific
method.
9. Some students want to get higher grades,
to pass the test but exerting effort is not on
their dictionaries.
10. To see is believing.

LET US PRACTICE
D. Directions: Determine whether the
given statements are parallel or not.
Write P if it is parallel and FP if it is
faulty parallel.
1. I like to run, eating, and jump.
2. All students are expected to do their
homework quickly and efficiently.
3. To stay in good shape, it is important
that to eat vegetables, that to drink lots
of water and exercise.
4. Be sure to wear protective clothing and hats
when you are outside. It protects our skin and helps
prevent skin cancer.
5. Anastasia tried holding her breath, chewing a
piece of gum, and poking her belly, but she could
not quiet her empty stomach, which rumbled
during chemistry exam.
6. In the restroom, Trisha was brushing her hair,
freshened her lip gloss and took deep breaths,
trying to work up the courage to walk to her first
speech class.
7. Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables,
whole grains, a variety of protein foods,
and low-fat dairy products.
8. Sleep has a strong effect on our
ability to concentrate and do well at
school.
9. Overextending yourself can lead to
stress, frustrating, or exhaustion.
10. If you are feeling really sad or are
thinking about harming yourself, get help
right away.
11. Wear a helmet when you are riding a
bike or participating in sports to prevent
concussions.
12. Healthy behaviors can go a long way
toward improving your health and to lower
your risk of many cancers as well as heart
disease, stroke, diabetes, and osteoporosis.
13. Eat a diet rich in fruits, vegetables,
and whole grains.
14. Many things considered as exercise
including walking, gardening, and
dancing.
15. Encourage children to play outside
and to take part in any organized
activities.
Verbs are essential key in writing sentences in correct
parallelism. Aside from verbs, verbals must be considered.
• Infinitive – is a form of a verb that is written as to + verb.
• Gerund – is a form of a verb that has an -ing at the end of
the word.
• Participle - is a verbal that acts as an adjective. There are
two kinds of participles: present participles (ending in -ing)
and past participles (ending in -ed or -d).

LET US
REMEMBER
Directions: Answer the following questions by using
parallel structures. Box the parallel structures in your
sentences. Do this on your paper. Be guided with the Rubric
below.
1. How has the world changed since you were a child in
terms of technology, environment and even people?
2. What are some ways that you can do to reduce the
pollution in our country?
3. What are the effects of illegal logging to our
environment?

LET US
APPRECIATE
• Structure- 5 pts
• Quality of answer- 5pts
• Technical Aspects-5pts

SHORT ANSWER
ESSAY RUBRIC
A.
Directions: Complete the
sentence below by using the “-
ing” gerund form of the verbs
on the right. Write your answers
on a separate sheet of paper.
LET US PRACTICE
MORE
 A B
1. The chef’s secret ingredients give his
__________ a distinctive flavor. a. Mix
2. _________ lots of vegetables and fruits b. Talk
are important for good health.
3. A congested classroom is not conducive c. Learn
to d. Rate
__________.
4. __________ a parking space is difficult
e. Eat
in the evening. f. Find
5. __________ books can help you to learn
LET US PRACTICE
English. g. Read

MORE
B. Directions: Write the participle used in the
sentence below. Write your answers on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. The burning house collapsed into the street.
2. The beautiful saleslady convinced the tall man to
buy a car.
3. The long speech by the politician put the
audience to sleep.
4. Mrs. Enclona helped the shaken victim to a chair
5. My sister screamed because of the thunder.
C. Directions: Read comprehensively the following
sentences. Encircle the faulty parallelism. Rewrite the
following using correct parallelism. Write your answers on
a separate sheet of paper.
1. Early biologists saw cells as simple membranous sacs
containing fluid and a few floating particles.
2. COVID-19 is an emerged, rapidly evolving situation.
3. The nucleus, enclosing and formed by a nuclear
membrane around a fluid nucleoplasm, is the control center
of the cell.
4. Cytoplasmic organelles are "little organs" that are
suspending and swung in the cytoplasm of the cell.
5. A light microscope sends a beam of light through a
specimen, or the object you are studying and monitored.
6. They also digest invading and infected
organisms such as bacteria.
7. You will find that there are hundreds and
millions of different types of living and animated
cells.
8. The cell wall, central vacuole, and chloroplasts
are the distinguishing and established parts of a
plant and animal cell.
9. Running at full speed and to exert effort of my
body, the back raced twenty yards for a score.
10. He bought some multicolored and mixing
flowers to give to his wife.
D. Directions: Identify if the following
sentences are parallel. Write NE (No Error)
if not underline the error then rewrite the
sentence to make it parallel. Do this on your
paper.
1. Choose whole-grain cereal, brown rice,
and whole-wheat bread over their more
refined counterparts.
2. Always wear hats, long-sleeve shirts, and
sunscreens with SPF15 or higher.
3. Taking public transportation, walking, or
to ride a bike to class are better options to
help the environment, as well as getting
some exercise in.
4. We might look different, acting different,
and have different opinions.
5. Limit your water use by taking shorter
showers, washes dishes, or by reducing the
amount of water your toilet uses to flush.
6. You will teach them an important
lesson and they love the adventure.
7. Pollution from cars and truck is a
serious environmental concern.
8. By reducing consumption and
recycling, we reduce the costs and
environmental burden of waste.
9. We buy notepads, throw out half-
used notebooks, and prints on just
one side of the paper.
10. Trees help decrease ozone level
in the environment, reduces noise
pollution, and offer various fruits
and flowers that provide several
health benefits.
If you were given a chance to travel with your
family/relative after this COVID-19 scare. Where would it
be?
Directions: Write a descriptive essay about the place you
want to visit. Make sure to use proper parallelism in your
manuscript. Be guided with the Rubric below. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.
• Introduction
• Body
• Conclusion

EVALUATION