Activity on

Arrow
 Activity on Arrow

● Activities are represented by

Arrows.

● Events (points in time) are

represented by Nodes.

Activity Name
i j
Recommendations on Building AOA

● Draw arrows from left to right

● j>i

● Each activity must have a

unique i-j number

Activity Name
i j
 Recommendations on Building AOA
● Always number the nodes after the
diagram is completed

● Minimize crossovers whenever

possible

● Avoid illogical
loops
Recommendations on Building AOA
● Use dummy activities if
needed.

i X
Activity X
Activity y j

j Dummy
Activity X
Activity
Activity y
i k
 Example 1
Activity Predecessors
A -
B A
C A
D B
E B,C
F C
 D

C
E

F
 D
3

A E
1 2 5 6
C

F
4
1 2 3

4 5 6
1 3 5

2 4 6
 Example 2
Activity Predecessors

A -

B -

C -

D A

E A,B

F A,B,C
 D
2

B E
1 3 5

F
4
 Example 3
Activity Predecessors Followers Duration
A - D,E 3
B - G,H,I 2
C - F 1
D A J 4
E A G,H 4
F C I 3
G B,E J,K 5
H B,E J,K 3
I B,F - 3
J D,G,H - 1
K G,H - 2
A

C
 J
D

A
G
B

C I

F
 J
D

A
G
B
H
I
C

F
 J
D

E
A
G
B

H
C I

F
 J
D

E
A
G
B

H
C I

F
 J
D

E
A
G
B

H
C

F
I
 J
D

E
A
G
B

H
C

F
I
 J
D

E
A G

B H

F
I
 J
D

K
E
A G

B H

F
I
 J
D

K
E
A G

B H

F
I
 J
D

K
E
A G

B H

F
I
 D

E
A K
G

B H

I
F
Activity Predecessors Followers
D
A - D,E

B - G,H,I J

C - F E
A K
D A J G

E A G,H B H

F C I

G B,E J,K C

H B,E J,K

I B,F - I
F
J D,G,H -

K G,H -
 D
2 9
4

J
E
7

1
4
A

G
5
B H K
1 3 5 8 10
2
2 3
C
1

F I
4 6
3 3
T1 T2

ES Name EF
i j
LS D LF

T4 T3
 Forward Pass Calculations
● Objective:
○ Early Start (ES) and Early Finish (EF) of each
activity

○ Earliest time of each node

● ESi = Latest (EF of all predecessors of i)

● EFi = ESi + Di
 Backward Pass Calculations
● Objective:
○ Late Start (LS) and Late Finish (LF) of each
activity

○ Latest time of each node

● LFi = Earliest (LS of all successors of i)

● LSi = LFi - Di
 D
2 9
4

J
E
7

1
A

G
5
B H K
1 3 5 8 10
2
2 3
C
1

F I
4 6
3 3
 4 1
3
4 D 8
2 9
4 4

13
1

13
3

J
E
7

1
4
A

3 13

13
8 1
1

14
1
3+

1 3 8 3

13
5

13
1 8

5
1 B 3 K 15
1 3 3 5 8 H 11 8 13 10
2 3
3 3 2
1

8
C
1

3
2 5
2

5 I
4 2 F 5 6
3 3
 4 4 14
13
2 4 D 8 9
4
410

13 4
14
4 13

1
4

13
4 13

14

J
E
7

1
4
A

13
3 13

15
8 1

14 5
-1
13
8 8 1
1 8 13 3

1
1

14
13
5

13
3

13
8

5
1 3 3 88 1 K 1
H 1
1 1 B 3 3 3 5 8 10
8 1 3 2 5
6 2 8 12
8 1 3
1 1 1
1

8
1 C 8 1 5
8

3 3 1

15
3 5
1

2
2

12 3 5
9

5 I
4 2 F 6
5 1 3
2
9 9 3 1
2
 4 1
3
4 D 8
2 9
4 4

13
1

13
3

J
E
7

1
4
A

3 13

13
8 1
1

14
1
3+

1 3 8 3

13
5

13
1 8

5
1 B 3 K 15
1 3 3 5 8 H 11 8 13 10
2 3
3 3 2
1

8
C
1

3
2 5
2

5 I
4 2 F 5 6
3 3
 4
Critical Path? 1
4
2 4 D 8 9
4
410

13 4
14
4

1
1
4
4
3

14

J
E
7

1
4
A

8
3 13

15
8 1

14 5
-1
13
1 8 1
8 13 3

1
1

14
5

13
8

5
1 8
1 1 B 3 3 5 8 H 11 8 13 K 15 10
8 1 1
6 2 8 12
8 1 3 13 2
3 5
1

8
C
8

15
5
1

9 1
2

12 2
9

5 I
4 2 F 6
5 1 3
2
 AON vs. AOA
1. AON are easier to construct, modify and
draw.

2. No need for Dummy activities.

3. AON accommodates Lags without adding

more activities.

4. AON has the ability to show more

types of relationships.

→ Less activities in presentation.

 Networks vs. Bar Charts

1. Networks show the logic.

2. Representing larger projects.

3. Networks can estimate and

predict the completion date of
the project.