CONSUMER and PRO NLE systems

• An NLE system is computer software that lets users edit

video in a nondestructive way.
• Nondestructive editing is a form of editing where the
original content is not modified —instead the edits act
more like layers in Photoshop, preserving the original
content.
Inexpensive Consumer NLEs
•  Pinnacle Studio
•  Adobe Premiere Elements.
•  Sony Vegas Movie Studio
•  Apple I Movie.
•  Windows Moviemaker.
Advanced NLEs
•  Adobe Premiere Pro.
•  Apple Final Cut Pro.
•  Sony Vegas.
•  Avid Media Composer.
Professional NLEs
• - Advanced features like multi-cam editing, 3D
compositing, motion tracking
• - Support for high-end video formats like ProRes,
REDCODE RAW, AVCHD
• - More processing power for working with 4K, 6K, 8K
footage smoothly
• - Excellent tools for color grading, audio mixing, graphic
overlays
• - Ability to handle long form content like films and
documentaries
Consumer NLEs
• - Very limited set of basic video editing tools
• - Can't work smoothly with high resolution or uncompressed
formats
• - Poor playback performance dealing with complex timelines
• - Minimal color grading and audio sweetening capabilities
• - No tools for managing multi-track audio or multi-cam shoots
• - Little or no support for graphics, compositing, animation
• - Inability to handle long videos like wedding edits or movies
• Consumer video editing software products are designed
to be simple and easy to use, often limiting what you
can do, or forcing you do things the way they want you
to.
• This limits your creativity and ultimately results in
videos that simply are not as good as those you can
produce with a 'real' NLE.
• Advanced NLEs are far more powerful and feature rich.
They are also more flexible and allow you to be more
creative.
Digitizing images

• Digitization refers to the process of translating a piece

of information such as a book, journal articles, sound
recordings, pictures, audio tapes or videos recordings,
etc. into bits.
• Bits are the fundamental units of information in a
computer system. Converting information into these
binary digits is called digitization.
Benefits/Need of Digitization
• Ease of access.
• Easy data analysis.
• Improved customer experience.
• Digital libraries and archives.
• Education and online learning.
Methods of Digitizing

• 1) Keying in the text

• 2) Scanning and capturing them as image files
• 3) OCR the files
Steps in digitization

scanning
• Electronic scanners are used for acquisition of an
electronic image into a computer from its original that
may be a photograph, text, manuscript, etc.
• An image is “read” or scanned at a predefined
resolution and dynamic range. The resulting file, called
“bit-map page image”
Indexing
• The process of indexing scanned images involves linking of the
database of scanned images to a text database.
• An imaging system typically stores a large amount of unstructured
data in a two file system for storing and retrieving scanned images.
• The first is traditional file that has a text description of the image
(keywords or descriptors) along with a key to a second file.
• The second file contains the document location. The user selects a
record from the first file using a search algorithm. Once the user
selects a record, the application program keys into the location
index, finds the document and displays it
Storing

• The scanned images, therefore, need to be transferred

from the hard disc of scanning workstation to an
external large capacity storage devices such as an
optical disc, CD ROM/DVD ROM disc, snap servers, etc.
• The storage required by the scanned images varies and
depends upon factors such as scanning resolution, page
size, compression ratio and page content
Retrieving
• Once scanned images and OCRed text documents have been
saved as a file, a database is needed for selective retrieval of
data contained in one or more fields within each record in the
database.
• Typically, a document imaging system uses at least two files to
store and retrieve documents. The first is traditional file that
has a text description of the image along with a key to the
second file.
• The second file contains the document location. The user
selects a record from the first-file using a search algorithm.
Once the user selects a record, the application program keys
into the location index, finds the document and displays it.
Video digitization
• multimedia capturing can be stated as the process of
storing or displaying the video/audio from the devices like
Camcorders, Digital Cameras etc to some digital form like
that of Monitor or in the binary forms (files).
• Video digitization is the next step used where the captured
data from the analogue/ digital device like cam coder is
processed and saved in various file formats
understandable by Media Players.
AUDIO DIGITISATION

• This process of analogue to digital conversion of audio data is

known as sampling.
• The process involves sampling the original sound many times
per second. The frequency of this sample is measured in
Hertz (Hz) and the range of each sample is measured in bits.
• When digitizing sound, the frequency range in kHz
determines the sampling rate and the dynamic range i.e., the
ratio between lowest and highest sound determines the
number of bits per sample.
Managing Image Resolutions

• Adaptive Media processes images stored in the

document library to produce copies at different
resolutions. Once generated, you can
use the adapted images in Documents and Media,
Blogs, Web Content, and Content Pages to serve the
optimal image resolution for the end user’s device. This
reduces page size, improves load times, and saves
bandwidth.
• Disabling Image Resolutions
• Disabling an image resolution prevents it from generating adapted
images. Any images uploaded after the resolution is disabled use the
most appropriate resolution that’s still active. Adapted images
previously generated by the disabled resolution are still available.
Enabling Image Resolutions

• While a resolution is disabled, it doesn’t generate adapted images

for new image uploads. After enabling a resolution, you should
generate the adapted images that weren’t generated while it was
disabled
• Editing Image Resolutions
• You can’t edit an image resolution that already has adapted images.
• This is because any changes would only be applied to images
uploaded after the edit, creating an inconsistent set of adapted
images.
• editing an image resolution is only possible if Adaptive Media hasn’t
yet generated adapted images for it. If you must change the values
of a resolution that already has adapted images, you must delete
that resolution and create a new one with the new values.
• Deleting Image Resolutions
• when deleting an image resolution, as any adapted images it created
are irretrievably lost and are not automatically replaced by new image
resolutions you create.
• Follow these steps to delete an image resolution:
1.Disable the resolution. You can’t delete enabled resolutions. This
prevents the accidental deletion of image resolutions.
The Recycle Bin and Adapted Images
You can’t move adapted images directly to the Recycle Bin.
But if the original image is in the Recycle Bin, the corresponding adapted images
behave
as if they are in the Recycle Bin and users can’t view them.
Note: URLs that point to adapted images whose original image is in the Recycle
Bin
return an error code of 404 Not Found.
Advantages of high resolution videos

• High image quality:

• Better video viewing experiences:
• Future-proof your content:
• Post-production flexibility:
disadvantages of high resolution videos

• High storage requirements:

• Higher processing demands
• Limited accessibility:
• Bandwidth requirements for streaming
What are pointer files?
• Files that "point to" and link various external media assets
like images, audio, videos,documents etc.
Benefits of using pointer files
• Allows centralizing all media references in one place
• Easy to coordinate media assets needed for different story
sections
• Changes made to asset filenames/locations automatically
sync
• Saves storage space as assets not duplicated
• Pointer files are small so easy to share/transfer
Types of pointer files

• Text files listing out file locations and filenames

• Spreadsheets with hyperlinks to assets
• Media indexes combining text references and
thumbnails
• Timeline editing files like Final Cut Pro XMLs
Using pointer files in storytelling

• Link transcripts, images, videos etc. needed in video

stories
• Sync up b-roll clips to relevant spots in voiceover
narration scripts
• Match background music files to emotional beats in
written narratives
• Embed file pointers within interactive web stories to
media pop-ups
Storyboard

• A storyboard is a visual representation of a story, often

in the form of illustrations or images, arranged in a
specific order to show the sequence of events in a film,
animation, video, or multimedia project.
• Storyboarding originated in the animation industry and
has since become an essential tool for visual storytelling
in various media.
The Different Types of
Storyboarding

• There are several types of storyboarding used in the film industry,

including:
• Traditional Storyboarding: This involves creating hand-drawn
sketches of the storyboard, which can be time-consuming and
challenging.
• Digital Storyboarding: This involves using computer software and
tools to create the storyboard digitally. It is a quicker and more
efficient method.
• Animatic Storyboarding: This involves creating a rough animated
version of the storyboard, which gives a better idea of how the final
product will look and feel.
Elements of a Storyboard

• Images or illustrations
• Scene descriptions
• Shot sequences
• Timing information
• Notes and annotations
Storyboard benefits

• Improved visualization
• Better planning and organization
• Enhanced communication and collaboration:
• Ability to identify and resolve issues:
STORY TELLING TECHNIQUES

• The Hero’s Journey (Monomyth)

• This technique follows a protagonist (hero) who embarks on an
adventure, faces challenges, and eventually returns transformed.
• The Three-Act Structure
• Classic beginning, middle, and end. Act 1 sets up the story, Act 2
introduces conflict, and Act 3 resolves it.
• The Mountain Structure
• This technique builds tension gradually, leading to a
climax, followed by a resolution.
• In Medias Res (In the Middle of Things)
• Starts in the middle of the action or conflict, then
flashes back to provide context.
• Nested Stories (Story Within a Story)
One story is told within the context of another.
• The Anecdotal Story
A brief, real-life story that illustrates a key point.
• false start
When giving a false start, you begin by narrating a
seemingly predictable storyline, then reveal something
surprising before resuming the tale from a different
perspective.
Mechanics of video editing
• Video Editing Software
Common tools include Adobe Premiere Pro, Final Cut Pro,
DaVinci Resolve, and iMovie.
Choose software that suits your skill level and project
needs.
• Importing Media
Load raw footage, images, audio files, and graphics into
the editing software.
Organize files in folders or bins to streamline the
workflow.
• Timeline Editing
Sequence and Timeline: Arrange clips in chronological
order on a timeline.
Trimming and Cutting: Remove unwanted portions of
clips to focus on the most important content.
Splitting Clips: Divide a clip into smaller segments to
manage and adjust each part independently.
• Transitions
Apply effects like crossfades, wipes, or cuts between clips
to enhance visual flow.
• Audio Editing
Volume Control: Adjust levels for balanced sound
across clips.
Background Music and Sound Effects: Add music
tracks and effects to complement the visuals.
Voiceovers: Integrate narration or dialogue to guide the
viewer.
• Color Correction and Grading
Color Correction: Adjust exposure, contrast, white
balance, and saturation to achieve a consistent look.
Text and Graphics
Add titles, lower-thirds, captions, and other on-screen
text.
Incorporate graphics, icons, or animated elements for
more dynamic visuals.
• Special Effects and Animation
Use visual effects (VFX) for elements like green screen
keying, motion graphics, or compositing.
• Video Export and Formats
Choose the right export settings based on the platform or
usage, such as MP4 for YouTube or MOV for high-quality
output
• Post-Editing Review
Watch the video multiple times to check for continuity,
pacing, and errors.
Make final adjustments before rendering and sharing the
finished product.
5 phases of video editing

1.Development and Pre-Production

• Concept Planning: Define the purpose, target
audience, and goals of the video.
• Scriptwriting and Storyboarding: Outline the
narrative or sequence of events. Storyboards help
visualize scenes, camera angles, and transitions.
• Shot Planning: Plan and organize the footage needed,
including key shots and b-roll.
2. Production (Filming)
• Shooting Footage: Capture all necessary video
content, ensuring high-quality visuals and clear audio.
• Collecting Assets: Gather any additional resources
like images, background music, voiceovers, or graphics.
3. Assembly and Rough Cut
• Organizing Media: Import and sort footage and other
assets in the editing software.
• Creating a Rough Cut: Arrange clips in chronological
order based on the script or storyboard. Focus on basic
cuts and establishing the flow of the video.
• Pacing and Timing: Work on getting the right rhythm
and sequence, even if the finer details like effects and
transitions are not yet finalized.
4. Fine Cut and Polishing
• Detailed Editing: Refine cuts, transitions, and timing.
Add or adjust elements like titles, lower thirds, and
other on-screen graphics.
• Color Correction and Grading: Enhance the overall
look and mood through color adjustments.
• Sound Design: Balance audio levels, add sound
effects, adjust music, and sync voiceovers.
• Visual Effects and Animation: Incorporate any
needed VFX or motion graphics to elevate the video.
5. Final Cut and Distribution
• Final Review: Watch the edited video multiple times to
check for any issues with continuity, audio, or visuals.
• Rendering and Exporting: Export the video in the
desired format and resolution suitable for its platform
(e.g., YouTube, social media, broadcast).
• Distribution: Upload or share the video on the
intended platform(s) or deliver it to the client.