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5 views8 pages

Lecture 7 Contd...

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mannat
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Engineering Mathematics I

18B11MA111
Lecture-7 For First Year –
Online Course Fresher Batch
Module

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
JAYPEE UNIVERSITY OF INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY, WAKNAGHAT (H.P.)
Question: Find the absolute maxima and minima of the function
f ( x, y ) 48 xy  32 x3  24 y 2
on the rectangular plate 0 x 1, 0  y 1.

Solution:
Since function is continuous in the given region, it can assume
absolute maximum and minimum values at a point inside the
region or on the boundary where f x 0  f y. y
The region is shown in the figure. y=1
First order partial derivatives of f(x, y) are: x=1

f x ( x, y ) 48 y  96 x 2 f y ( x, y ) 48 x  48 y O
x

The critical points are given by


f x ( x, y ) 48 y  96 x 2 0 f y ( x, y ) 48 x  48 y 0
The second equation gives x  y.
Substituting in First equation, we get
1
2
48 y  96 y 0 or 48 y (1  2 y ) 0  y 0,
2
1 1
Hence the critical points are (0,0) and  , 
 2 2
1 1
The point  2 , 2  lies inside the boundary.
 
Therefore the function may have local maximum or minimum at
this point.
f xx ( x, y )  192 x f xy ( x, y ) 48 f yy ( x, y )  48

1 1 1
At  ,  f xx  192   96  0
 2 2 2
 1
f xx f yy  f xy2   192    48   (48) 2 96 48   (48) 2 (48) 2  0
 2
1 1
Therefore the function has local maximum at  , 
 2 2
And has the value
3 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
f  ,  48    32    24   12  4  6 2
 2 2 2 2  2  2
The point 0,0  lies on the boundary.
Here it is intersection of x = 0 and y = 0.
For x = 0, the function
f ( x, y ) 48 xy  32 x3  24 y 2
takes the form f (0, y )  24 y 2
Where y lies between 0 and 1.
In this range maximum value of function is 0 at y = 0 and
minimum value is -24 at y = 1.
For y = 0, the function takes the form f ( x, 0)  32 x3
Where x lies between 0 and 1.
In this range maximum value of function is 0 at x = 0 and
minimum value is -32 at x = 1.
Other two sides of plate are x =1 and y = 1.
For x = 1 the function f(x,y) takes the form
f (1, y ) 48 y  32  24 y 2

Where y lies between 0 and 1.


f (1, y ) 48  48 y  0 for 0  y 1

Therefore f(1,y) increases form -32 at y = 0 to -8 at y =1.


For y = 1, the function f(x,y) takes the form
f ( x,1) 48 x  32 x3  24
Where x lies between 0 and 1.
f ( x,1) 48  96 x 2 Taking 48  96 x 2 0
1
We get the critical point x 
2
1 1
f ( x,1)  192 x f ( ,1)  192  0
2 2
Therefore f(x,1) has maximum value
1 48 32
f( ,1)    24 16 2  24  1.37258
 2
3
2 2
1 1
Absolute Maximum f ( , ) 2
2 2

Absolute Minimum f (1, 0)  32


Constrained maxima and Minima
Find the maximum value of f ( x, y ) 49  x 2  y 2
subject to the condition x  3 y 10

Using the condition x  3 y 10


the function can be changed to a single variable function.
From the condition x 10  3 y
2
Therefore f ( x, y )  f (10  3 y, y ) F ( y ) 49  10  3 y   y 2
dF
 2 10  3 y ( 3)  2 y 60  20 y
dy
dF
For extreme values dy 0  60  20 y 0 or y 3
d 2F
2
 20
dy
which is negative.
Therefore the function F has local maximum for y = 3.
The function f(x, y) has local maximum at (1, 3) f (1,3) 39

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