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Unit 6 I) Test, Measurement and Evaluation (Copy)

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18 views17 pages

Unit 6 I) Test, Measurement and Evaluation (Copy)

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hritishkumar83
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UNIT- 7

TEST , MEASUREMENT & EVALUATION IN


SPORTS

Test: A test is a tool to evaluate the


skill, knowledge, capacities or
aptitudes of an individual or a group.
Measurement
“Measurement refers to the process of
administrating a test to obtain quantitative
data.”
So,measurement is such a process through
which our level of performance,fitness
level,ability,knowledge,personality traits and
skills are measured with the help of various
standard tests.
Evaluation
Evaluation is a means of organised assessment
done to appraise the value of
something.Evaluation requires a methodical
collection of information and systematic
analysis and presentation of achievements
and challenges.Evaluation is very important
means of enhancing performance.
Importance of test and measurement in
sports
1.Knowledge of progress: With the help of test
and measurement a teacher can get the
appropriate knowledge about the progress of
students.Then the teacher can prepare plan
accordingly.Without test and measurement it
is difficult to determine accurately the extent
to which the objectivies have been met.
2.Preparation of effective planning
With the help of test and measurement the
effective planning can be prepared.Teaching or
coaching method can be changed on the basis
of the result of test and
measurement.Students can be guided or
directed appropriately with the help of test
and measurement.
3. For knowing the abilities and capacities

With the help of test and measurement teacher can come


to know about the abilities and capacities of students
which ultimately help in preparation of further training
programme.
4. Works as a tool of motivation: Test and measurement
is a vital motivational device.A sportsmen comes to
know his level of achievement or performance with the
help of test and measurement.He tries to compare his
performance with his previous performance.So,test
and measurement help in motivating the sportsperson.
5. Classification of sportsmen
After test and measurement a proper
classification can be done on the basis of
individual capacities.We are also aware that
individual differences exist among
sportsmen.Different training load is given to
different individuals.So,a proper classification
of sportsmen is required to give them proper
training load.
Body mass index (BMI)
The body mass index is also known as Quetelet index
because it was invented by Adolphe Quetelet.This is a
statistical measurement which compares an individual’s
weight and height.With the help of BMI one can come
to know whether one is underweight,normal
weight,overweight or obesity category.BMI can be
calculated by the following formula:
Body mass index = Body weight(Kg)
_____________
Height x Height(M)
Categories of BMI
Category BMI
Underweight < 18.5
Normal weight 18.5 – 24.9
Overweight 25 – 29.9
Obesity class 1 30 – 34.9
Obesity class 2 35 – 39.9
Obesity class 3 > 40
Calculation of Waist Hip Ratio
Waist hip ratio is defined as the measurement of
waist circumference divided by hip
circumference.For example if an individual’s male
waist measurement is 33 inches and the hip
measurement is 44 inches,it gives a waist hip ratio
of 0.75.It means that individual is not at health
risk.In case of a male,if the waist hip ratio is more
than 1,he is at the health risk.In case of female,if
the waist hip ratio is more than 0.85,she is at the
health risk.
Skin fold measurement (3 site)
Skinfold measurement test estimates the
percentage of body fat by measuring skinfold
thickness at specific locations on the body.
1. Triceps skinfold : Using the forefinger and the
thumb,the assessor grasps and lifts the sub-
cut,tissue and skin 2 cm above the triceps
skinfold site.Take the skinfold caliper and take
the measurement.
.
2. Calf skinfold : The subject should place his
right leg in an anthropometric box and ensure
there is a 90 degree angle between the thigh
and leg.The skin should be lifted in the medial
calf skinfold site,vertical to the length of the
leg.The measurement should be taken in
millimeters.
Somato types or body types

Somatotypes refer to human body shape and


type of physique. W.H Sheldon developed a
theory (1940) that there are three basic body
types,each associated with personality
characteristics demonstrating a correlation
between physique and temperament.
Classification of william Herbert Sheldon
(Three Types)
1. Endomorph: such individuals have short arms and
legs.They have rounded physique.The limbs seem to
be shorter because there is a lot of deposits of
adipose tissues.The upper parts of arms and legs are
significantly thicker than the lower parts.It is hard for
them to lose weight.They have soft body.They have
under developed muscles.They have the capacity for
high fat storage and become fatty easily.They have
pear shaped body.They are suitable for the games like
weightlifting,powerlifting and throwing events etc.
...
2. Mesomorph: They have athletic physique and
balanced body composition.They have well developed
recetangular shape of body.They have thick bones and
muscles.Their chest and shoulders are larger and
broader in comparison to their waistline.They are
physically capable of doing a lot of activities.They can
excel in sports which require great strength,short
bursts of energy and lot of power because they have
enough strength,agility and speed.These characteristics
make them strong individuals to be the top sportsmen
in any sports.
...
3 . Ectomorph: They are slim because their muscles
and limbs are elongated.They have weak
constitution of body and usually face great
difficulties in gaining weight.They have flat chests
and have less muscle mass.They don’t have a lot
of strength but they dominate the endurance
sports because their body type is naturally suited
to perform wonderfully in endurance
activities.Their light body constitution makes them
suited for aerobic activities like gymnastics.
Measuring Somatotype or body type
Somatotype or body type is measured by using health
carter measurement system in which ratings for
endomorphy,mesomorphy and ectomorphy are
calculated using various anthropometric
measurements.In each of the three categories an
individual is usually classified on a scale of 1 to 7. 1
is the minimum rating and 7 is the max. rating.These
three numbers together give a body type or
somatotype number in which endomorphy score
first, then mesomorphy and finally ectomorphy.

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