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HYPOTHESES

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16 views8 pages

HYPOTHESES

Uploaded by

zealkairi
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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HYPOTHESES

HYPOTHESIS

What is hypothesis?
A hypothesis is a tentative explanation
or an answer to a question about
variables, their relationships, and
other facts involved in the research.
A hypothesis has to be tested through
analytical investigation to prove how
true or false it is
PURPOSES OF HYPOTHESES
1. They guide you on which aspect of the research to
focus on.
2. They provide opportunities to prove the relationship
between variables.
3. They give the right direction of the research
4. They outline your thoughts on your manner of
summarizing the results and of explaining the
conclusions.
5. They push for an empirical study to prove the
existence of relationship of variables and the effects
of independent variable on the dependent variable.
CATEGORIES OF HYPOTHESES
 NULL HYPOTHESIS- symbolized by Ho, which
states the absence of relationship between the
independent and dependent variables. It is
therefore a statement to disprove the fact that the
independent variable (treatment, intervention, or
condition) has an effect on the dependent variable.
 ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS- symbolized by Hi,
states the relationship between the independent
and the dependent variables and the fact that the
first affects the second.
TYPES OF HYPOTHESES
1. THEORY-DRIVEN VS. DATA-DRIVEN
HYPOTHESES
A hypothesis that is based on existing theory to
explain the relationship of variables and the
effects of one variable on the other variables is
theory-driven.
But if it is based on the findings of previous
research studies, it is a data-driven hypothesis.
2. Directional (one-tailed) vs. Non-
directional (two-tailed) hypotheses
Directional hypotheses state the relationship of
two variables as well as of the relationship of
these variables.
Non-directional hypotheses, on the other hand,
state the relationship of variables but not on the
direction of the relationship.
3. Descriptive vs. Causal Hypotheses
A statement specifying the relationship
between two variables due to the influence
of something is a descriptive hypothesis;
due to cause-effect relationship, it is a
causal hypothesis. True experimental or
quasi-experimental research such as a
correlation study uses causal hypotheses;
non-experimental research uses
descriptive hypotheses.
GUIDELINES IN FORMULATING
HYPOTHESES

1. Express your hypotheses in a declarative sentence.


2. Support your hypotheses with ideas based on theories,
known facts, previous studies, or your own experience and
wisdom.
3. Establish a logical relationship between the hypotheses and
the research problem.
4. Have your hypotheses predict the nature of relationship
between or among variables.
5. Ascertain the possibility of having some means of testing,
analyzing, and investigating your hypotheses.
6. Avoid wordiness by using clear, exact, or specific language in
stating the hypotheses.

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