WELKAM TO

FINALS ENGR!
BAWI KA NAMAN :)
FLUID DYNAMICS part 1
Fundamentals of Fluid Flow
Head Losses in Pipes
Pipe Connections
Orifice
LESSON 1
FUNDAMENTALS OF
FLUID
Flow Rate
FLOW
Bernoulli’s Energy Theorem
 DISCHARGE / FLOW (Q)
is the amount of fluid that is passing through
RATE
a given cross-section of a stream per unit time
: Cross-sectional area
: Velocity of flow

VOLUME FLOW RATE

Volume of fluid passing through a section per unit time
𝑄 𝑣 = 𝐴𝑣
MASS FLOW RATE
Mass of fluid passing through a section per unit time
𝑄𝑚 =𝜌 𝑄 𝑣
WEIGHT FLOW RATE
Weight of fluid passing through a section per unit time
𝑄𝑤 =𝛾 𝑄𝑣
EXAMPLE
1.) Compute the discharge of 2.) The discharge of air through
S water through a 75-mm-pipe a 600-mm-pipe is 4 . Compute
if the mean velocity is 2.5 . the mean velocity in
Express the answer in
𝑄= 𝐴𝑣
𝑄= 𝐴𝑣 𝑣=
𝑄
2
𝑄=( 0.25 𝜋 ) ( 0.0 75 ) (2.5) 𝐴
𝑚
3
4
𝑄=0.011 𝑣= 2
𝑠 ( 0.25 𝜋 ) ( 0. 60 )
𝐿 𝑚
𝑄=11 𝑣 =14.15
𝑠 𝑠
EXAMPLE
3.) Water flows in a 40-mm-diameter pipe at a velocity of 0.5 meter per
S
second. Determine the volumetric (in L/s), mass, and weight flow rate.
b.) Mass Flow Rate ()
𝒗 𝒗 𝑄𝑚 = 𝜌 𝑄
0.04m 𝑄𝑚 =( 1000 ) ( 6.2832× 10− 4 )
𝑘𝑔
𝑄𝑚 =0.6283
𝑠
a.) Volumetric Flow Rate (Q) c.) Weight Flow Rate ()
𝑄= 𝐴𝑣 𝑄𝑤 =𝛾 𝑄
𝑄=( 0.25 𝜋 ) ( 0.04 ) 2 (0.5) 𝑄𝑤 =( 9810 ) ( 6.2832 ×10 −4 )
3
−4 𝑚 𝐿 𝑁
𝑄=6.2832 ×10 𝑄=0.6283 𝑄𝑤 =6.16
𝑠 𝑠 𝑠
TYPES OF Continuity Equation
Since liquids are nearly incompressible,
FLOW:
STEADY they must maintain their volume as they
flow in a pipe. The volume of liquid that
Occurs when the discharge is constant at
FLOW
any given point of time along a stream. flows into a pipe must equal the volume
of liquid that flows out of a pipe.
UNIFORM FLOW
Occurs when the velocity is constant 𝑨𝟏 𝒗𝟐
at any section along a stream.
𝒗𝟏 𝑽𝟐
CONTINUOUS 𝑽𝟏
𝑨𝟐
Occurs when the discharge is constant
FLOW
at any section along a stream. This is 𝑉 1=𝑉 2
due to the law of conservation of mass. 𝐴1 ≠ 𝐴2 𝑸 𝟏=𝑸 𝟐=…
𝑣 1 ≠ 𝑣2
EXAMPLE
4.) The diameter of a 6-m-length pipe decreases uniformly from
S
450 mm to 150 mm. With a flow of 0.15 cubic meters per second
of oil, compute the mean velocity at cross sections 1 m apart.
3
1 𝑚
𝑄 𝑄=0.15
𝑥 𝑣= 𝑠
𝑫𝟏 𝑫𝟐 𝑫𝟑 𝑫𝟒 𝑫𝟓 𝑫𝟔 𝑫𝟕 𝐴 2
𝐴=0.25 𝜋 ( 𝐷 )
𝑥 𝑑 −𝑑 1 7
2
6m 𝑣 1=0.943 𝑚/ 𝑠
𝐷 2=0.40 𝑚 𝑣 5 =3.056 𝑚/ 𝑠
𝐷1 =0.45 𝑚 𝑣 2=1.194 𝑚/ 𝑠
𝐷7 =0.15 𝑚 𝐷 3=0.35 𝑚 𝑣 6 =4.775 𝑚/ 𝑠
𝑣 3 =1.559 𝑚/ 𝑠
𝐷 1 − 𝐷7 0.45 −0.15 𝐷 4=0.30 𝑚 𝑣 7 =8.448 𝑚/ 𝑠
2
𝑣 4 =2.122 𝑚/ 𝑠
𝑥
=
2 ¿ 𝐷5 =0.25 𝑚
1 6 6
𝐷 6=0.20𝑚
𝑥=0.025 𝑚
“HEA is the energy content of the flow per unit of weight

D” 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝐽 𝑁 ∗𝑚
𝐻𝑒 𝑎𝑑= = = =𝑚
𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔h𝑡 𝑁 𝑁
𝒑Pressure Head
FORMS OF
𝜸 head due to pressure energy
HEAD
𝟐 Velocity Head 1
𝒗 head due to motion of fluid 𝐾.𝐸. 2 𝑚 𝑣
2
𝑣
2

¿ ¿
𝟐𝒈 𝑊 𝑚𝑔 2𝑔

𝒛 Elevation Head
head due to change in elevation 𝑃 . 𝐸 . 𝑊𝑧
𝑊
¿
𝑊 ¿ 𝑧
“HEA is the energy content of the flow per unit of weight

D” 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝐽 𝑁 ∗𝑚
𝐻𝑒 𝑎𝑑= = = =𝑚
𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔h𝑡 𝑁 𝑁

TOTAL HEAD ACTING AT A

POINT ON A STREAMLINE:
’s n 𝟐
l i
l ti o
𝒑 𝒗
+¿ 𝟐𝒈+¿
u a
r
o
n qu
Be gy E 𝑬=¿ 𝒛
En
er 𝜸
BERNOULLI’S ENERGY
THEOREM
Pauso/inimbento ni EGL
2
𝑣1
DANIEL BERNOULLI 2𝑔
𝑣2
2

HG L 2𝑔
Continuity
𝑝2
𝑄1 =𝑄2 =…
Equation
𝛾
The discharge at any section 2
along the stream is constant 𝑝1
𝛾
Hydraulic Grade
Is the height that the fluid Q
Line 𝑧2
would rise to in a piezometer 1

Energy Grade 𝑧1
Is the plot of the total energy
Line D a t u m
content (Bernoulli content)
BERNOULLI’S ENERGY
THEOREM
BY THE LAW OF 2
𝑣1 h𝐿
CONSERVATION OF 2𝑔 EGL
𝑣2
2

ENERGY: HG L 2𝑔
𝐸1 =𝐸2 𝑝2
𝛾
Theoretical: 2
2 2 𝑝1
𝑝1 𝑣 1 𝑝2 𝑣2
+ + 𝑧 1= + +𝑧2 𝛾
𝛾 2𝑔 𝛾 2𝑔
Q
𝑧2
Actual: 1
𝑝1 𝑣 12 𝑝 2 𝑣 22
+
𝛾 2𝑔
+ 𝑧 1= +
𝛾 2𝑔
+ 𝑧 2 +h 𝐿 𝑧1
D a t u m
BERNOULLI’S ENERGY
THEOREM
OTHER FORMS OF BERNOULLI’S
𝟐
EQUATION:
𝒑 𝒗
HEAD FORM + +𝒛 =𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
𝜸 𝟐𝒈 (along a streamline)

𝟐
𝒑 𝒗
ENERGY FORM + + 𝒈𝒛 =𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
𝝆 𝟐 (along a streamline)

𝟐
𝝆𝒗
PRESSURE FORM 𝒑 + + 𝝆 𝒈𝒛 =𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
𝟐 (along a streamline)
EXAMPLE a.) Discharge
𝑄= 𝐴𝑣
5.) The head loss from section 1 to section
S
2 in the pipe system shown is 2.1 m and
Given values:
𝑣 1=1.8 𝑚 / 𝑠
𝑄= 𝐴 1 𝑣1
2
𝑄=( 0.25 𝜋 ) ( 0.35 ) (1.8)
the head loss from section 2 to 3 is 4.9 m.
𝑝 1=180 𝑘𝑃𝑎 3
If the velocity of flow at 1 is 1.8 m/s and 𝑄=0.173 𝑚 /𝑠
the pressure is 180 kPa, find the:
a.) discharge b.) Velocity at point 3 c.) Pressure at point 3
b.) velocity at point 3
𝑄= 𝐴𝑣 𝑝 3= 𝑝1 +𝛾 h
c.) pressure at point 3
35
𝑄= 𝐴 3 𝑣 3 𝑝 3=180+(9.81)(7.2− 3.4)
0 -m
1
m-
di 𝑄 𝑝 3=217.28 𝑘𝑃𝑎
a.
𝑣3=
Q
20
0 -m 𝐴3
m-
di a
2 . 0.173 Mali yan! Nasa
25
0 -m 𝑣3=
7.2 m m-
di a.
( 0.25 𝜋 ) ( 0.25 )2 hydrodynamics na
tayo huy! Pang
5m 3
𝑣 3 =3.52 𝑚/𝑠 hydrostatics yan!
3.4 m

D a t u m
EXAMPLE
5.) The head loss from section 1 to section
S
2 in the pipe system shown is 2.1 m and
Given values:
𝑣 1=1.8 𝑚 / 𝑠 𝑄=0.173 𝑚 /𝑠
3
the head loss from section 2 to 3 is 4.9 m.
𝑝 1=180 𝑘𝑃𝑎 𝑣 3 =3.52 𝑚/𝑠
If the velocity of flow at 1 is 1.8 m/s and
the pressure is 180 kPa, find the:
a.) discharge c.) Pressure at point 3
b.) velocity at point 3
c.) pressure at point 3 Apply B.E. from point 1 to 3
35
0 -m
𝐸1 =𝐸3 + h 𝐿
m- 2 2
1 di a. 𝑝1 𝑣 1 𝑝3 𝑣3
20
0 -m + + 𝑧 1= + + 𝑧 3 + h𝐿
Q m-
di a 𝛾 2𝑔 𝛾 2𝑔
2 .
25 180 (1.8)
2
𝑝 (3.52)
2

7.2 m
0 -m
m-
di
+ +7.2= 3 + +3.4 +2.1+ 4.9
a. 9.81 2( 9.81) 9.81 2( 9.81)
5m 3

3.4 m 𝑝 3=144.03 𝑘𝑃𝑎

D a t u m
EXAMPLE
6.) A 50-mm-diameter siphon is drawing oil (sg=0.82) from an oil reservoir, as shown. The
S
head loss from point 1 to point 2 is 1.50 m and from point 2 to point 3 is 2.40 m. Calculate the:
2
a.) velocity at point 3
b.) discharge
2m
c.) pressure at point 2

50-
1 a.) Velocity at point 3 b.) Discharge
mm- d Apply B.E. from point 1 to 3 𝑄= 𝐴𝑣
iam
ete 𝐸1 =𝐸3 + h 𝐿 𝑄= 𝐴 3 𝑣 3
2 2
𝑝1 𝑣 1 𝑝3 𝑣3
r si

+ + 𝑧 1= + + 𝑧 3 + h𝐿
pho

5m 𝛾 2𝑔 𝛾 2𝑔
3
n

+( 𝑣3 )2 𝑚
5= + 1.5+2.4 𝑄=0.00912
2(9.81) 𝑠
3
𝑣 3 =4.645 𝑚 /𝑠
EXAMPLE
6.) A 50-mm-diameter siphon is drawing oil (sg=0.82) from an oil reservoir, as shown. The
S
head loss from point 1 to point 2 is 1.50 m and from point 2 to point 3 is 2.40 m. Calculate the:
2
a.) velocity at point 3
b.) discharge
2m
c.) pressure at point 2

50-
1
c.) Pressure at point 2
mm- d Apply B.E. from point 1 to 2
iam
ete
𝐸1 =𝐸2 + h𝐿
2 2
𝑝1 𝑣 1 𝑝2 𝑣2
r si

+ + 𝑧 1= + + 𝑧 2 +h 𝐿
pho

5m
𝛾 2𝑔 𝛾 2𝑔
n

𝑝2 ( 4.645)
2
𝑣 2=𝑣 3 0= + + 2+1.5
3 (cross ( 0.82) 9.81 2(9.81)
section of
pipe did not 𝑝 2=− 37 𝑘𝑃𝑎
change)
 PUMPS &
TURBINES
Pumps and turbines are useful devices in controlling the flow of liquid
along a streamline. Generally, their respective purpose for liquid flow
opposes each other; pump adds energy while turbine extracts energy.

Pump
Turbine
PUMPS h𝐿 2

L
2
Pumps are typically used to transfer 𝐻𝐴 𝑣2

EG
2𝑔
liquids to a higher elevation. They h 𝐿1
𝑣 12
contribute additional pressure and 𝑝2
2𝑔 HGL
velocity to a flow of liquid. In other 𝛾
words, they add energy and/or head 2
to the flow. The head added by a
𝑝1 B
pump on a stream is denoted by .
𝛾 P
A
Pump
𝑧2
Applying B.E. from point 1 to 2 1

𝐸 1 = 𝐸 2 + h𝐿 Q
𝑧1
2 2
𝑝1 𝑣 1 𝑝2 𝑣2 D a t u m
+ + 𝑧 1 + 𝐻 𝐴= + + 𝑧 2+ ∑ h 𝐿
𝛾 2𝑔 𝛾 2𝑔
TURBINE 2
𝑣1
h 𝐿1
EGL 𝐻𝐸
S
Turbines are generally used to
convert kinetic energy to electrical
2𝑔
h𝐿 2
2
energy. They can also be used to 𝑝1 𝑣2
HG L 2𝑔
control the flow of liquid towards 𝛾
lower elevation. Turbines extract 1
energy and/or head from the flow of
A 𝑝2
liquid. The head extracted by a
turbine on a stream is denoted by .
T 𝛾
B
𝑧1 Q Turbine
Applying B.E. from point 1 to 2 2

𝐸 1 = 𝐸 2 + h𝐿 𝑧2
2 2
𝑝1 𝑣 1 𝑝2 𝑣2 D a t u m
+ + 𝑧 1= + + 𝑧 2 + ∑ h𝐿 + 𝐻 𝐸
𝛾 2𝑔 𝛾 2𝑔
COMPLETE BERNOULLI’S EQN IN HEAD FORM
2 2
𝑝1 𝑣 1 𝑝2 𝑣2
+ + 𝑧 1 + 𝐻 𝐴= + + 𝑧 2+ ∑ h 𝐿 + 𝐻 𝐸
𝛾 2𝑔 𝛾 2𝑔
: pressure at point/section (kPa)
: velocity of flow at point/section (m/s)
: elevation of point/section from datum (m)
g: gravitational acceleration
: head losses (m)
: head added by pump (m)
: head extracted by turbine (m)
 POWER &
OF PUMPS &
EFFICIENCY
TURBINES
𝑃=𝛾 𝑄𝐻 The power solved using the head
added (Pump) is an OUTPUT.
𝑃 𝑜𝑢𝑡 The power solved using the head
𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 =
𝑃𝑖𝑛 extracted (Turbine) is an INPUT.

: Power
2
: Unit weight of fluid 𝑚
1 𝐽𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑒 [ 𝐽 ] =1 𝑁𝑚=1 𝑘𝑔 2
: Discharge of fluid 𝑠
: Head added or extracted
1 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑡 [ 𝑊 ] =1 𝐽 / 𝑠
: Output power 1 h𝑜𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 [ h𝑝 ] =746 𝑊
: Input power
EXAMPLE
7.) Water flows through the turbine shown
S
at a rate of 0.386 cubic meters per second.
Given values:
𝑄=0.386 𝑚 / 𝑠
3
The pressure at A and B are 161.2 kPa and
𝑝 𝐴 =161.2 𝑘𝑃𝑎 𝑃=𝛾 𝑄𝐻
-19.6 kPa, respectively. How many kW are 𝑃 𝑖𝑛 =𝛾 𝑄 𝐻 𝐸
delivered by the water to the turbine?
𝑝 𝐵 =− 19.6 𝑘𝑃𝑎

350-mm-dia. Apply B.E. from point A to B

Q 𝐸 𝐴=𝐸 𝐵 +h 𝐿 + 𝐻 𝐸
2 2
𝑝𝐴 𝑣𝐴 𝑝𝐵 𝑣𝐵
1.08 m + +𝑧 𝐴= + + 𝑧 𝐵 + ∑ h𝐿 +𝐻 𝐸
𝛾 2𝑔 𝛾 2𝑔
𝑄= 𝐴𝑣 𝑄= 𝐴 𝐴 𝑣 𝐴 = 𝐴𝐵 𝑣 𝐵
800-mm-dia.

2 2
0.386= ( 0.25 𝜋 ) ( 0.35 ) ( 𝑣 𝐴 ) =( 0.25 𝜋 )( 0.80 ) (𝑣 𝐵 )
𝑣 𝐴 =4.01𝑚 / 𝑠
𝑣 𝐵=0.768 𝑚/ 𝑠
EXAMPLE Given values:
𝑄=0.386 𝑚 / 𝑠
3 𝑃 𝑖𝑛 =𝛾 𝑄 𝐻 𝐸
7.) Water flows through the turbine shown 𝑝 𝐴 =161.2 𝑘𝑃𝑎 𝑣 𝐴 =4.01𝑚 / 𝑠
S
at a rate of 0.386 cubic meters per second.
𝑝 𝐵 =− 19.6 𝑘𝑃𝑎 𝑣 𝐵=0.768 𝑚/ 𝑠
The pressure at A and B are 161.2 kPa and
-19.6 kPa, respectively. How many kW are
Apply B.E. from point A to B
delivered by the water to the turbine?
𝐸 𝐴=𝐸 𝐵 +h 𝐿 + 𝐻 𝐸
2 2
350-mm-dia. 𝑝𝐴 𝑣𝐴 𝑝𝐵 𝑣𝐵
+ +𝑧 𝐴= + + 𝑧 𝐵 + ∑ h𝐿 +𝐻 𝐸
Q 𝛾 2𝑔 𝛾 2𝑔
2 2
161.2 (4.01) − 19.6 (0.768)
+ +1.08= + +𝐻𝐸
1.08 m 9.81 2( 9.81) 9.81 2 (9.81)
𝐻 𝐸 =20.30 𝑚
800-mm-dia.

𝑃 𝑖𝑛 =(9810)(0.386)(20.30)
𝑃 𝑖𝑛 =76869.20 𝑊
𝑃 𝑖𝑛 =76.87 𝑘𝑊
EXAMPLE a.) How many hp does the pump supply?
8.) Pump BC shown brings oil 𝑃=𝛾 𝑄𝐻
S
(sg=0.72) to reservoir D at 170 liters 𝑃 𝑜𝑢𝑡 =𝛾 𝑄 𝐻 𝐴 Apply B.E. from point A to D
per second. The energy lost from A to 𝐸 𝐴 + 𝐻 𝐴 = 𝐸 𝐷 +h 𝐿
B is 1.1 J/N and from C to D is 4.7 J/N. 2 2
a. How many hp does the pump 𝑝𝐴 𝑣𝐴 𝑝𝐷 𝑣 𝐷
supply?
+ +𝑧 𝐴 +𝐻 𝐴 = + +𝑧 𝐷 + ∑ h𝐿
𝛾 2𝑔 𝛾 2𝑔
b. If the pump is 80% efficient, 22.6 + 𝐻 𝐴 =84 +1.1+ 4.7
how much power is needed?
𝐻 𝐴 =67.2 𝑚
EL. 84m
𝑃 𝑜𝑢𝑡 =(9810)( 0.17)(67.2)
𝑃 𝑜𝑢𝑡 =(0.72)(9810)(0.17)(67.2)
EL. 22.6m

( 1 h𝑝
)
.
ia

𝑃 𝑜𝑢𝑡 =80690 𝑊
-d
m

746 𝑊
25
0.

pump
0.3

𝑃 𝑜𝑢𝑡 =108.16 h𝑝
m0

EL. 2.8
-d

B C
ia.
EXAMPLE
8.) Pump BC shown brings oil
S
(sg=0.72) to reservoir D at 170 liters
per second. The energy lost from A to
B is 1.1 J/N and from C to D is 4.7 J/N.
b.) If the pump is 80% efficient,
a. How many hp does the pump
how much power is needed? 𝑃 𝑜𝑢𝑡 =108.16 h𝑝
supply?
b. If the pump is 80% efficient, Power needed = Input Power
how much power is needed?
𝑃 𝑜𝑢𝑡
EL. 84m
𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 =
𝑃𝑖𝑛
80 108.16
=
EL. 22.6m 100 𝑃 𝑖𝑛
.
ia
-d
m

𝑃 𝑖𝑛 =135.20 h𝑝
25
0.

pump
0.3
m0

EL. 2.8
-d

B C
ia.
c. What is the elevation of the EGL right after the pump?

h 𝐿𝐴𝐵 =1.1 𝑚
C’ h 𝐿𝐶𝐷 =4.7 𝑚
h 𝐿𝐶𝐷 𝐻 𝐴 =67.2 𝑚
EGL
EL. 84m
𝐻𝐴
𝐸𝐿 𝐶′ =22.6 −1.1+67.2 − 4.7
EL. 22.6m h 𝐿𝐴𝐵 𝐸𝐿 𝐶′ =88.7 𝑚

.
ia
-d
m
25
0.

𝐸𝐿 𝐶′ =84+ 4.7
0.3
m0

EL. 2.8
-d

B C 𝐸𝐿 𝐶′ =88.7 𝑚
ia.
PRACTICE
Assume the conduit shown has diameters of 300 mm and 450 mm
at sections 1 and 2, respectively. If water is flowing in the conduit at
a velocity of 5 m/s at section 2, find the following:
a. Velocity at section 1 (11.25 m/s)
b. Flow rate at section 1 (0.795 m^3/s)
c. Flow rate at section 2 (0.795 m^3/s)
d. Weight flux in kN/s (7.8 kN/s)
e. Mass flux (795 kg/s)
PRACTICE
The 600-mm-diameter pipe shown conducts water from reservoir A to a pressure
turbine which discharges through another 600-mm-diameter pipe into the tail-race
at B. The loss of head from A to 1 is 5 times the velocity head in the pipe and the loss
of head from 2 to B is 0.2 times the velocity head in the pipe. If the discharge is 700
liters per second, compute the following:
a. Power given up by the water to the turbine in hp (537.30 hp)
b. Pressure head at 1 (54.12 m)
c. Pressure head at 2 (-4.25 m)
GGWP!
NICE G.
 EGL
2
𝑣1 2
2𝑔
𝑣2
HG L 2𝑔

35
0 -m 𝑝2
m-
di
1 a.
20
𝛾
Q 0 -m
m- 2
di a. 𝑝1
2 25
7.2 m
0 -m
m-
di
𝛾
a.

5m Q
3.4 m
3
𝑧2
1
D a t u m
𝑧1
D a t u m
 2
𝑣1 h𝐿
2𝑔 EGL 2
𝑣2
HG L 2𝑔

𝑝2
𝛾
2
𝑝1
𝛾
Q
𝑧2
1

𝑧1
D a t u m
 1
𝑥
𝒅𝟏𝟏
𝑫 𝑫𝟐 𝑫𝟑 𝑫𝟒 𝑫𝟓 𝑫𝟔 𝑫𝟕
𝑫𝟏 − 𝑫 𝟕
𝑥
𝟐
6m
 h𝐿 2

L
2
𝐻𝐴 𝑣2

EG
2 2𝑔
h 𝐿1
𝑣 12
2m
𝑝2
2𝑔 HGL
𝛾

50-
1

m
2

m- d
iam
𝑝1 B
ete 𝛾 P
r si A
5m pho
n
Pump
𝑧2
1
Q
3 𝑧1
D a t u m
 2 h 𝐿1
𝑣1 EGL 𝐻𝐸
2𝑔
h𝐿 2
2
𝑝1 𝑣2
HG L 2𝑔
𝛾
350-mm-dia. 1

Q A 𝑝2

1.08 m
A T
B
𝛾
𝑧1 Q Turbine
2
800-mm-dia.
B 𝑧2
D a t u m
 EL. 84m

EL. 22.6m

.
ia
-d
m
25
0.
pump
0.3
m0

EL. 2.8
-d

B C
ia.
 C’

h 𝐿− 𝐶𝐷
EGL
EL. 84m
𝐻𝐴

EL. 22.6m h 𝐿− 𝐴𝐵

EL. 2.8
B C